ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study considered whether chronic schizophrenics with positive and negative syndromes represent distinct subtypes. From a survey of 47 schizophrenic inpatients, 18 showed preponderance of productive or deficit features, and four were mixed. The discrete groups were compared on clinical symptoms, cognitive tests, demographic and historical data, and drug side effects. They were significantly distinguished on most criterion symptoms and affect scales but, otherwise, essentially comparable in psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms. The tests revealed similar levels of intellectual impairment and visual-motor deficit, yet the negative patients displayed more primitive cognitive mode and greater psychomotor retardation. They also proved older, less educated, more often born in wintertime, hospitalized later in life, and less heavily medicated. The results supported the validity of the positive-negative dimension for identifying schizophrenic subtypes and suggested etiological implications regarding developmental deficiency.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sixty-nine nonchronic schizophrenic patients who had dropped out of psychotherapy were studied with regard both to reasons for dropping out and their subsequent clinical course, assessed by means of a retrospective, semistructured interview. Their 2-year outcomes were compared with those of a group of similar patients who remained in psychotherapy. It was found that the patients who dropped out were markedly heterogenous in terms of their reasons for dropping out, and their subsequent outcomes. As a group, they received an unexpectedly substantial amount of subsequent psychiatric treatment, and after 2 years did not generally differ from those remaining in psychotherapy on measures of social or occupational functioning.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ward behavior of 29 inpatients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and that of six mixed psychiatric patients was studied by means of an observational method derived from ethological techniques. By these means the occurrence of a wide variety of behaviors was monitored. Depressives before treatment differed from the same group after 4 week of treatment on several items: eye contact, exploration of the environment, verbal communication, and all social behaviors increased, whereas crying, nonsocial behaviors, and pathological behaviors decreased.The same behavioral categories distinguished depressed patients in baseline conditions from controls. When depressives were divided into responders and nonresponders on the basis of their Hamilton scores, behavior differences were notable only in the responders. Some behavioral patterns, such as the rate of social behaviors, were related to personality traits, which were assessed by means of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. Finally, some behavioral categories bore some weak, though significant, relationships to the Hamilton Rating Scale.The above results seem to indicate that a behavior pattern specific to depressive psychopathology does exist and closely resembles the one identified by the classical clinical description of depression. Ethological assessment may therefore be a useful tool in psychiatry, as it can evaluate the clinical picture in a different frame of reference from psychiatric interviews.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Opiate addicts and polydrug, but nonopiate, substance abusers were assessed for depression on the Raskin rating scale for a clinical interview and several self-report measures of depression including the Hamilton, SCL-90, and the recently developed Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), which differentially assesses depression focused around neediness from a depression focused around self-criticism (guilt and shame). Opiate addicts were consistently more depressed than polydrug drug abusers on all the measures. On the DEQ, opiate addicts were significantly (p< .001) more depressed than normals and even somewhat more depressed than psychiatric patients. This depression, however, was focused primarily around issues of self-criticism, guilt, and shame rather than issues of dependency, abandonment, rejection, and neglect. Even further, depression focused around self-criticism, as measured on the DEQ, was significantly correlated (p< .001) with the extent to which the polydrug, non-opiate-addicted substance abusers had begun to experiment with opiates. These data suggest that intense depression, particularly depression focused around issues of self-criticism, has an important role in opiate addiction.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present paper reports on the course of 15 young female-to-male transsexual applicants followed for 1 to 9 years after initial evaluation. Each patient completed a lengthy evaluation process including detailed semistructured interviews and a battery of psychological tests.Of the 15 applicants, 10 went on to live full time in the male role; however, one of these later returned to living as a female. This woman and three others were living as lesbians at last follow-up, while the two other patients continued to live in a more ambiguously male-female role. Psychosocial functioning at the time of follow-up in terms of employment, partners, and psychiatric status is reviewed. A supportive problem-solving psychotherapy program was offered to all of these patients and seven became actively involved in therapy. The potential benefits and limitations of psychotherapy with female gender dysphoric patients are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was given to 13 elderly grieving subjects having a major depressive disorder. Forty-six per cent had some predisposition for depression. All had a post-DST, 4:00 p.m. serum cortisol below 5 μg/dl, but these cortisols correlated with Hamilton Depression scores (r= .59,p< .05).

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent research has challenged the reliability and validity of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as a specific laboratory diagnostic tool in psychiatry. This study investigated its effects on clinical decision making. Test results were found to have minimal impact on diagnostic and treatment decisions. This finding is discussed in light of other “negative” evidence regarding the DST.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of amaurosis in the right eye with a left homonymous hemianopsia and right superior quadrantanopsia is reviewed. There was marked dissociation in the patient's perception of his visual defects. The concepts of denial as presented in the literature were reviewed. The lack of denial in children was discussed in association with hemispheric specialization. Denial of a neurological deficit may be the result of improper arbitration of information between the two cerebral hemispheres.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 29-year-old married nurse with pancytopenia was discovered to be surreptitiously ingesting alkylating agents. Despite her life-threatening behavior, there was no evidence that she was psychotic, depressed, or cognitively impaired. Psychological testing was indicative of a sociopathic personality.The patient and her behavior elicited considerable affect and controversy among members of her health team.It is hypothesized that the patient's behavior resulted from longstanding low self-esteem. The production of a dramatic illness gratified dependency needs and fooling physicians gave her a sense of power.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID