摘要:

Data from 562 psychiatric patients were analyzed to assess the effects of ethnic status (Anglo/Mexican origin) and language (English/Spanish) on the reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. The results indicate no systematic variation in either reliability (test-retest, internal consistency), dimensionality, or ability of the CES-D Scale to detect clinical depression among Anglos or persons of Mexican origin classified according to language use as Spanish dominant, English dominant, or bilingual. However, the data indicate that this particular screening instrument does not adequately discriminate between patients with clinical depression and those without depression. These results corroborate several recent studies that question the utility of the CES-D Scale as a depression screening instrument. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that the ability of the CES-D Scale to detect major depression is so limited that further use of the instrument as a screening scale would seem unwarranted, at least in treatment settings.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present paper is a very succinct description of the findings from the 10-year follow-up of a group of 101 patients from Cali, Colombia who were included in the WHO International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. It is based on a prospective study conducted with the use of standardized instruments and with clinical evaluations performed by the same examiners at the beginning and end phases. A classification of the varieties of clinical course observed throughout the 10-year period is presented, as well as a description of several aspects of the social and clinical condition of cases at the time of the last observation. The possibility of finding predictors of the outcome of the disorder is explored through the use of multivariate methods, and a series of comments and conclusions is formulated.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In 1978, Italian Public Law No. 180 abandoned the mental hospital. This historic reform has generated considerable debate in Europe and the United States. Many critiques have forecasted catastrophic results; others have been extremely optimistic. However, few analyses have been based upon empirical research. This review summarizes all of the major empirical investigations evaluating the reform's outcome. The data support the conclusion that Italian society has successfully generated a psychiatric system without asylums. However, although psychiatrically disabled patients have been successfully shifted to community services, more effort is necessary in Italy to extend the reform to resource-poor regions as well as to the most debilitated patient groups.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study tested the hypothesis that all gender-dysphoric males who are not sexually aroused by men (homosexual) are instead sexually aroused by the thought or image of themselves as women (autogynephilic). Subjects were 212 adult male-to-female transsexuals. These were divided into four groups: one homosexual and three nonhomosexual. The three nonhomosexual groups were heterosexual, bisexual, and analloerotic (unattracted to male or female partners, but not necessarily devoid of all erotic behavior). A Core Autogynephilia Scale was developed to assess a subject's propensity to be sexually aroused by the fantasy of being a woman. The four transsexual groups were compared on this measure (and on several others), using Newman-Keuls multiple-range tests atp <. 05. As predicted, all three nonhomosexual groups were more likely than the homosexual group to report sexual stimulation by cross-gender fantasy. This finding supports the hypothesis that the major types of nonhomosexual gender dysphoria constitute variant forms of one underlying disorder, which may be characterized as autogynephilic gender dysphoria.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Increasing attention is being given to treating the psychosocial as well as the physical needs of mastectomy patients. The present study investigated and endeavored to quantify the psychological, sexual, and social adjustment reactions to a mastectomy, the possible interaction of these reactions, and the role of environmental support in mediating these responses. Forty married and 37 unmarried mastectomy patients completed a battery of tests, including the Body-Cathexis/Self-Cathexis Scale, SCL-90, Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory, Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report, Perceived Social Support Scale, and a Support Questionnaire. Overall findings indicated that a mastectomy has the potential for affecting psychological, sexual, and social adjustment for at least a limited time postoperatively. Specifically, significant correlations were found between psychological, sexual, and social adjustment. Significant differences were also demonstrated in the married/nonmarried comparison. Additionally, results emphasized the importance of environmental support for postoperative adjustment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Help-seeking patterns and satisfaction with care were described by 641 women with eating disorders participating in a national magazine survey. Between 60.6% and 92.9% of respondents in three diagnostic groups sought professional treatment. Professional treatments most often entered were individual psychotherapy (52.9%), behavioral therapy (28.0%), group therapy (24.6%), and nutritional therapy (18.6%). Treatments were generally seen as helping “a little.” Only bulimic anorexia nervosa respondents perceived any interventions to be more harmful than helpful, specifically Overeaters Anonymous and self-help groups, both nonprofessional interventions. Caregivers selected as “experts” regarding eating disorders were rated as more efficacious than others, helping “a little” to “somewhat.”

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Discrepancies exist in previous reports regarding clinical and demographic features associated with recovery in acute mania. The authors studied 44 hospitalized patients with bipolar affective disorder, manic type. They report a significant association between more depressive symptomatology and perhaps younger age of illness onset, and poor immediate treatment response. They also found the total amount of psychopathology at admission, as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Manic State Rating Scale, and the degree of psychosis to be unrelated to immediate outcome. The authors suggest that the not recovered manic subgroup has a distinct illness or a variant of bipolar disorder with poor prognosis that warrants further and separate investigation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID