摘要:

The clinical features in six patients who developed schizophrenia or schizophrenic form illnesses in the context of their anorexia nervosa were described. The patients appeared to have retained their anorectic psychopathology even in their psychosis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recently, there has been a flurry of studies showing that schizoaffective patients, diagnosed using acute symptom complexes, usually turn out to have affective disorders if they are rediagnosed applying more reliable longitudinal parameters. However, Occam's razor cuts both ways. This investigation shows that if schizoaffective illness is diagnosed using the nonacute parameter “presence of interepisodic thought disorder,” it looks more like schizophrenia. Schizoaffectives diagnosed this way have earlier onset of illness, tend to remain unmarried, usually do not abuse alcohol or sedatives, have a worse response to psychopharmacological treatments, relapse more frequently, and tend to deteriorate.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Efficient clinical assessment of anxiety and hostility could be facilitated through the use of a mechanical measurement instrument with known validity and reliability. Preliminary evaluation of the Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE) has indicated that it could be used for this purpose. The present study reports the results of a correlational analysis between a PSE generated stress indicator (blocking pattern mode III) and the Gottschalk-Gleser Free Association Test, a verbal content-analysis measure of anxiety and hostility in psychotherapy patients. Findings do not show any correlation between these measures and suggest that the PSE may have only limited use as a valid and reliable assessment instrument for anxiety and hostility. Methodological problems inherent in the calculation and interpretation of PSE scores are elaborated in a review of current PSE scoring systems. A brief discussion of the theoretical assumptions underlying the development of the PSE and associated scoring protocols suggests directions for future research.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Send reprint requests to Dr. Yesavage, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.This paper reports a questionaire study of 116 schizophrenic subjects. A group without history of crime (N= 53) was found to have considerably better relations with their families than a group with histories of criminal acts (N= 63). An interesting finding was that negative relations with the father were reported more frequently in the noncriminal group than in the criminal group, whereas negative relations with the mother were more frequent in the criminal group than in the noncriminal group. Within the criminal group several differences were found between the criminal behavior of chronic undifferentiated and paranoid schizophrenics. Although subjects of both diagnoses often acted with premeditation, paranoid schizophrenics were more likely to commit crimes against persons, to be under the influence of their illness during the crime, to be secretive about plans, to admit their guilt, and to cite vengeance as a motive than chronic undifferentiated schizophrenic subjects.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Six groups of volunteer students were shown a series of four 90-second motion pictures: one anxiety inducing, one neutral, and two control sequences with no information content, under both subliminal and supraliminal conditions. Self-report and physiological responses to each picture were recorded. Each group was shown the same set of eight motion pictures, in counterbalanced order, but the level of subliminal presentation was varied from completely subliminal in group 1 to a level at which all the subjects could recognize the material in group 6. The results showed that although the anxiety-provoking motion pictures produced significantly greater anxiety responses under supraliminal conditions, there were no significant differences between responses to the pictures at any level of subliminal exposure.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors rated violent and violence-related behavior of patients on a psychiatric intensive care unit, and found that despite the restricted environment such behavior was manifested to a considerable degree. The amount of violent behavior was significantly correlated with admission Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ratings on measures of thought disorder and schizophrenic thinking, but not with ratings of hostility.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An Aboriginal behavioral syndrome is described and considered from cognitive and social labeling perspectives. Fifty-seven cases of this fear of sorcery syndrome were encountered in a 5-year epidemiological survey of Aboriginals living on reserves in the Northern Territory. The syndrome is similar to others reported from around the world in cultural contexts where sorcery is an important component of belief systems. It is characterized by severe anxiety and agitation, a breakdown of normal social behavior, and a paranoid preoccupation with personal, physical, and social security. The syndrome is particularly noteworthy in that it circulates from one clansman to another, although the individual course of the disorder is relatively short term and nonrecurring. From a Western perspective, when the behavior associated with this syndrome assumes clinical proportions, appropriate diagnosis is made, and tranquilizing medication typically prescribed. The detailed epidemiology is in accordance with local definitions of likely sorcery victims. This conformity with cultural expectation is taken as evidence for the labeling hypothesis.This analysis is based on theoretical models deriving from psychological and sociological approaches to psychiatric disorder, which suggest that the behaviors can only be explained by reference to the larger cultural context and belief system which is operating. The syndrome is institutionalized both in terms of social expression and control. Cognitive labeling and social labeling theory are seen as complementary models conjointly explaining both individual and social response to the illness, suggesting the interactive nature of adjustment etiologies. In addition, these approaches speak to the individual and social functions served by the sorcery symptoms described.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neuropsychological functioning of chronic hemodialysis, undialyzed uremic, and medical-psychiatric patients was explored using the Halstead-Reitan Battery. The three groups of 16 patients each did not differ significantly in age, education, verbal intelligence, or degree of affective disturbance. Specific Halstead-Reitan Battery subtest comparisons demonstrated that dialysis patients performed significantly better than uremic patients and were equivalent to medical-psychiatric subjects on tasks of psychomotor problem-solving and spatial ability. Dialysis patients were significantly better than uremic subjects, but impaired relative to the medical-psychiatric patients on a task of flexible thinking. Dialysis patients were impaired relative to medical-psychiatric subjects and equivalent to uremic patients on tasks which required complex analysis, auditory information processing, language capacities, and sensory-perceptual functions.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relation between premorbid social competence and length of initial hospitalization was examined in 381 male state hospital patients in four diagnostic categories: schizophrenic, affective reaction, psychoneurotic, and personality disorder. A significant relation was discovered between diagnosis and outcome, with schizophrenic patients having the longest and personality disorder patients the shortest lengths of initial hospitalization. Premorbid social competence was related to outcome, as assessed both by length of initial hospitalization, and by whether the patient was rehospitalized. These two outcome measures were found to be positively related, thus supporting the developmental formulation that premorbid social competence is indicative generally of prognosis. The findings were employed to generate the inference that patients at differing levels of premorbid social competence require different treatment modalities.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous studies have been evenly divided in concluding that male sex change applicants do or do not evidence signs of psychopathology on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory testing. To clarify the discrepant findings, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scale comparisons were made between sex change applicants who had been living continuously as women, applicants who had been living predominantly as men, and groups of psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. Findings revealed that members of both applicant groups were more likely than psychiatric patients to score high on a measure of femininity. However, applicants living as men were as disturbed as psychiatric patients on all other measures of psychopathology, whereas those living as women showed a notable absence of psychopathology. Like the psychiatric patients, applicants living as men produced significant elevations on the Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia, and Schizophrenia Scales. A variety of group comparisons also revealed serious emotional disturbance in one sex change applicant group and none in the other. The results help to explain the previous discrepancies in the literature and underline the importance of the “living as female” variable for predicting disturbance in sex change applicants.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID