ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is part of common wisdom that interactions between a doctor or a nurse and a patient can modify patients's cardiac activity. However, the ubiquity of that knowledge has tended to obscure recognition of the fact that the magnitude, generality, and mechanisms of the cardiovascular effects of human contact are poorly understood.To explore the effects of human contact on the heart activity, coronary care patients were studied by noting on a continuous electrocardiogram each time any person came in contact with the patient.Results of these studies have shown that human contact, can have major effects on cardiac function of coronary care patients. These effects include phenomena such as heart rate changes of over 30 beats/minute, a doubling of the frequency of abnormal heart beats, and major changes in the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart and may take place with such routine clinical interactions as pulse taking and comforting behavior. Similar responses to human contact observed in patients on a shock-trauma unit who were paralyzed with d-tubocurarine suggest that such responses are central in origin, are not dependent on changes in respiration or movement, and can occur in subjects without pre-existing cardiac pathology. Moreover a number of studies over the past decade have shown that human contact can have major effects on the cardiovascular functioning of healthy animals, including dogs and horsesThese results indicate the need for quantification of the phyciological effects of many kinds of clinical interactions and the necessity for specification of ongoing human interactions accompanying epidemiological studies of the frequency of arrhythmia in coronary patients of the effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on that frequency. Although the extent and responsible mechanisms for such effects are not yet fully known, additional studies are currently underway aimed at uncovering such knowledge.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-nine patients (20 men, 9 women; age range, 21 to 71 years) receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were classified according to premorbid adjustment, clinical diagnosis, and therapeutic outcome. Because of the behavioral importance of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, pituitary hormone levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured before ECT and at hourly intervals after treatment between hormone levels of FSH and LH in some patients, these differences in hormone levels showed no correlation with the psychiatric factors.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Schizophrenic subgroups (paranoid vs. nonparanoid), (acute vs. chronic), (poor vs. good premorbids) did not differ on heart rate (HE,) and skin conductance (SC). Paranoids showed significantly higher muscle tension (EMG) than nonparanoids, and there were no subgroup differences on blood pulse volume (BPV). Under phenothiazine medication patients showed lower SC and higher HR than normals, but after drug withdrawal patients showed both high SC and high HR. Correlations between the four psychophysiological measures provided little evidence for arousal as a unitary concept, and correcting for background variables by stepwise regression analysis did not modify the evidence for arousal. Analysis of coefficients of concordance, based on autonomic lability scores, showed that drugged schizophrenics were physiologically less sensitive to changes in the procedure than normals.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reports an experimental study of interaction between psychiatric staff and patients. We formed 16 dyads, each composed of a psychiatrist and psychiatric nurse. After working together for a short period a psychiatric patient was introduced into the experiment. The staff dyad could actively engage the patient and assimilate him into a new triad or could ignore him and leave him isolated. We studied the influence of two variables on this assimilation process: the professional value orientation and the personality of the staff members. Results suggested that value heterogeneity and personality compatibility help staff members to discover and resolve differences between them and that this process leads to rapid and effective assimilation of the psychiatric patient into an integrated working triad.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Critical flicker fusion (CFF) has been used extensively in studying the physiology of vision. CFF refers to the minimal number of successive flashes of light per second that produces a sensation of steady light. The fusion threshold is affected by a variety of drugs having the capacity to alter central nervous system (CNS) excitability. The present study examines the effect of smoking 1g of marihuana containing 1.5 per cent (—)-Δ9- transtetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the CFF threshold. Results of this study indicate that marihuana enhances the CFF threshold, unlike other drugs classified as CNS “depressants.” The increased excitability of the visual system following marihuana smoking is discussed with reference to previous reports of “perceptual sharpening.”

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The first 52 homosexual trans-sexual males who applied at a gender identity clinic for sex reassignment surgery were administered a sexual deviation questionnaire. In some cases a psychophysiological method, the phallometric test of sexual object preference, was also applied. There was no indication in the results that the gross sexual deviations of narcissism or masochism, or aversion to their own penis played a major part in the syndrome. The trans-sexual males preferred physically mature male partners, i.e., they were androphilic, they preferred these partners to be heterosexual, and they indicated an earlier onset of exclusively homosexual interest and less heterosexual experience than nontrans-sexual androphilic males.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A brief critique of the literature on psychological reactions to abortion emphasizes the need to consider the preabortion decision-making process and the psychological and sociocultural milieu in which the decision is made. The importance of the level of support of significant others for the decision to abort is examined as a predictor of the reaction to the abortion among a sample of 489 women aborting at a New York clinic.Reaction to the abortion was measured within an hour of the procedure using an instrument consisting of nine psychological, social, and intrapsychic items. Reaction to the abortion was significantly more favorable when perceived partner, and anticipated parental support for the abortion was greatest, and among older women. Knowledge of the abortion by partner and parents was not itself associated with the abortion reaction. Further analysis indicated thatpartnersupport was significantly more important in predicting a favorable abortion reaction among older women whereasparentalsupport was a more powerful predictor among younger women.Areas for future research are discussed including the necessity of examining the effect of other parameters in the decision-making process. Also requiring further elucidation are the intrapsychic processes used to avoid high quality decision-making which might otherwise lead to a reduction in postabortion reactions.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID