摘要:

The author reviewed literature implicating a disturbance located in the left cerebral hemisphere in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Studies of the psychiatric sequelae of lateralized organic cerebral disease were considered, as well as neurological, neurophysiological, and neuroanatomic studies of psychiatric patients. In general, abnormalities in cerebral hemispheric asymmetry appear to be common among psychiatric patients, particularly those with personality disorders, some affective disorders, autistic children, and, at least, some schizophrenics. The latter may include those with milder, less chronic illnesses. A specific relationship between the side of unilateral cerebral impairment and diagnosis suggested by some authors is not consistently supported by the literature, however. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of neurodevelopmental issues in schizophrenia.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a previously reported experimental study from an ongoing program of research on the creative process, the type of cognition designated as homospatial thinking was shown to function in the creation of literary metaphor. Homospatial thinking consists ofactively conceiving two or more discrete entities occupying the same space, a conception leading to the articulation of new identities.Under experimental conditions involving facilitation of homospatial thinking through presentation of superimposed visual images, and control presentation of the same images separated and side by side, the superimposed presentation stimulated significantly more creative literary metaphors. In the currently reported experiment, the effect of such stimuli on creation in the visual arts was assessed. Forty-three artist subjects were randomly assigned either to a control group viewing three sets of slide photographs paired side by side on a projection screen or to an experimental group viewing the identical pairs of slide images superimposed on each other. Each subject created a pastel drawing stimulated by each of the three slide pairs. Resulting drawings were categorized according to the type of composition produced and quality of all drawings were independently rated by two internationally prominent artists. The primary results were that drawings produced in the superimposed slide condition which contained elements from both slides intermingled together were rated significantly more creative than a single element composition and also more creative than similar composition drawings stimulated by the separated slide condition (p< .05). Production of a final drawing in which individual components are recognizable and intermingled together in response to the superimposed stimulus condition indicates the operation of homospatial thinking involving elements occupying the same space. Consequently, the results indicate a relationship between homospatial thinking and creative visual artistic effects.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors report results from a psychiatric study of narcotic addicts in which the relationship between specified aspects of object relations development and treatment response to methadone maintenance was examined. Two groups were defined as high and low drug users (in addition to the prescribed methadone dose) depending upon the frequency and intensity of additional drug use; a middle group was excluded. Thirty subjects participated.The dimensions of separation/individuation, narcissistic development, and self and object representations were measured by 12 scaled variables; scores of the high and low drug users were compared byt-test. In all cases, the high use group was found to be more impaired than the low use group. However, the dimensions differed greatly in their ability to differentiate the groups. The strongest group differences were found in the area of narcissistic development, with the high user group significantly more impaired than the low user group.The strength of these findings lends empirical support to the notion that an addict population can be differentiated on diagnostic and ego psychological measures. This has important implications for methadone maintenance treatment programs, and, possibly, for drug programs in general.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychiatric complications of antihypertensive medications have been identified in the literature primarily in case reports. Most other studies to date have suffered from major design flaws. Side effects seriously complicate the treatment of hypertensive patients and no doubt decrease compliance. There are significant interactions between psychotropic medications and antihypertensive drugs. The literature is reviewed, and the implications for clinical practice of psychiatric side effects of antihypertensive treatment and of psychotropic-antihypertensive interactions are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seventy psychiatric staff members at various Veterans Administration hospitals made decisions concerning appropriate medication for 40 hypothetical cases. A profile presented for each case described the patient's status on eight symptom dimensions. The physician-judges examined each profile and specified appropriate drugs and dose levels for the case. Analyses focused on agreement among judges and on prescriptive strategies, the manner in which symptoms were weighted in specific drug decisions. When base rates were taken into account in determining chance levels, the judges failed to agree with each other significantly more than would be expected by chance; this was true for their prescriptions of general class of medications, specific drugs, and dose levels. Differences among physicians were traceable to inconsistency in the use of symptom information and individual variations in prescriptive strategies, cue (symptom) weighting strategies of judges being dissimilar and sometimes contradictory.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ten infants of 900 to 1500 gram birthweight and 28 to 32 weeks gestational age were observed for a total of 552 hours in an intensive care nursery. Auditory environment and tactile experience were recorded by tape recorder and observers' notes for a period of 24 consecutive hours at weekly intervals in each of the first 3 weeks of life. Besides regular recording of heart rate and motor activity, episodic events were also noted such as interaction with staff or parents, or periods of apnea. Results are primarily descriptive of this environment, denoting sound level of ground noise, kinds of sounds that penetrate the isolette, responses of the infants to these sounds, differences in auditory environment with different caretakers, and motor activity as related to auditory and tactile events. In response to questions of the usefulness of sensory stimulation programs for preterm infants, these descriptive results suggest some of the deficiencies and complexities of this life experience at this gestational age, and suggest some areas for further research as well as for clinical management of premature infants.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The MacAndrew (A Mac), Rosenberg (A Ros), and Revised (A Rev) “alcoholic scales” of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were administered to 30 nonalcoholic men aged 20 to 25 who have a first-degree alcoholic family member (the family history positive, or FHP, group). Those scores were then compared to a control population matched on demography and drinking history but lacking a family history of alcoholism (the family history negative, or FHN, group). Although the two groups did not differ on the total score made up of all 81 items common to the three scales and scores were almost identical on the A Ros and A Rev scales, the FHP subjects scored an average of 18.86 (SD = 4.08) whereas FHN controls scored 16.82 (SD = 3.24) on the A Mac scale (p< .05). The two groups differed on only one of the six A Mac subfactors, Interpersonal Competence, with the former scoring 4.29 (SD = 1.51) and the later 3.25 (SD = 1.35) (p< .05). Although the results on the A Mac are consistent with the possibility of some personality differences between individuals at high risk for the future development of alcoholism and controls, the fact that both groups scored in the “normal range” and the very small numerical differential between FHP and FHN individuals indicate the test is of limited clinical significance. However, the scores may indicate the presence of some aspects of personality which might correlate with greater liklihood for the future development of alcoholism.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This case report describes a patient suffering from both manic-depressive illness and Turner's syndrome mosaicism. This is the second such patient to be reported, but the first to be described in detail and to receive full karyotypic analysis. The significance of the association of manic-depressive illness and Turner's syndrome for the analysis of the genetic transmission of manic-depressive illness is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors present here a case of somatization disorder in a heterosexual male veteran. The age at onset of 7 years is the earliest yet reported in a male. Extensive medical records provide a unique opportunity to follow the course of a relatively severe case of this condition and demonstrate that it fulfills the most rigorous diagnostic criteria that have been formulated. Yet, the case of Orville N is more than a lengthy list of medically unexplained symptoms, showing as it does a number of other features traditionally associated with the broad category of hysterical psychopathology.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID