摘要:

A theory is proposed that explains a broad range of clinical manifestations in schizophrenia. It is a heuristic device for organizing research in the neuroimmunology and virology of schizophrenia. This approach is different from other immune and viral theories of schizophrenia and defines testable hypotheses for further theory refinement or rejection.Defective alpha-interferon (alFN) regulation resulting in excessive effect is postulated to cause schizophrenia. The role of alFN in the regulation of development and its induction within the brain by the reactivation of viruses that are commonly present in the normal central nervous system (CNS) are the primary pathophysiological mechanisms. Biological properties of alFN include neural excitation, opiate and adrenocorticotropic hormone activity, and inhibition of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Psychosis results from in situ viral stimulation of alFN production in the CNS of a vulnerable host having defective regulation of either sensitivity or production. Negative symptoms result from alFN effects on CNS development and the behavioral toxicity of alFN. Biological developmental abnormalities, gender differences in severity, and decline in psychotic symptoms with age are discussed in the context of the theory. Research strategies and specific testable hypotheses are presented.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To investigate whether patients accused of having committed acts of sex offense manifest symptoms of psychopathology and whether they minimize or deny such symptoms during clinical evaluations, we administered the MMPI to 53 alleged sex offenders. We compared patients along two dimensions: a) whether they admitted or denied deviant sexual behavior, and b) whether they faced legal charges for sex offenses. Results indicated the following: a) Patients who denied deviant sexual behavior were significantly more likely to minimize psychopathology than were those who admitted to deviant sexual behavior (p<.05). b) Patients facing no active legal charges showed significantly more psychopathology than did those facing legal charges (p<.05). c) The most frequent forms of psychopathology shown by these patients were antisocial attitudes, depression, somatization, and cognitive disorganization. These findings suggest that many alleged sex offenders may experience, and deny, severe psychopathology in addition to their sexual disorders. Clinicians should be alert to subtle signs of psychopathology when evaluating alleged sex offenders who deny deviant sexual behavior, because these patients may be especially likely to minimize symptoms.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cross-cultural assessment and care frequently involve cross-language communication via a translator, interpreter, or bilingual worker. A resurgence of immigration, legalization of former illegal migrants, and refugee flight to the United States has increased the need for such special means of communication. Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals should develop conceptual models, skills, and experience for conducting cross-language interviews. This article provides information, terminology, and models for one aspect of this special clinical task,i.e.,working with translators.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is growing dissatisfaction with current methods for rating affective symptoms in children. We report findings from a preliminary psychometric study of an alternative approach, that of direct observational ratings. The Emotional Disorders Rating Scale (EDRS) is an observation-based instrument containing 59 items divided into eight subscales. The results of this study indicate that measurement of nonverbal components of affective symptoms in children is feasible. Interrater reliability and internal consistency of the EDRS subscales were high. The EDRS also has potential as a measurement of state-related changes in affective behavior and as a technique for examining treatment response.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Associations (p<.001) between serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were observed in physically well patients with mania (N=100,r=.70), depression (N= 138,r=.51), chronic schizophrenia (N=85, r=.68), and schizoaffective or atypical psychosis (N=39,r=.52) discharged from 1978 through 1981. In contrast, there was a negligible association between these enzymes in 90 nonpsychiatric inpatient control subjects. Patients with mania (229.0 ± 106.1 IU/1) showed significantly (t=3.16,p<.002, two-tailed) higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels than control subjects (191 ± 41.7 IU/1) and a 14% incidence of abnormally high serum LDH levelsvs.1% among control subjects. Results were unchanged when patients taking neuroleptics were excluded.These results indicate that psychiatric illness, especially mania, induces release of LDH and SGOT, occasionally to unusually high levels. This is similar to previous reports of muscle creatine phosphokinase release in psychiatric patients. Presumably, these enzymes are released from skeletal muscle in association with agitation, with muscle tension, or with blood stasis and local tissue hypoxia consequent to hypoactivity.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID