摘要:

Some obstacles to progress in the behavioral sciences are discussed. An understanding of human behavior demands a firm descriptive base. This requires the recognition of successive levels of social complexity and of the dialectical relations between them: some difficulties in achieving adequate description are noted. Some principles governing the development of behavior are discussed: the importance of constraints on and predispositions for learning, the role of interpersonal relationships, the question of continuities of development, and the need to come to terms with the relations between successive levels of social complexity. The contribution of the biological concept of adaptation is emphasized. Finally, the development of snake phobias and of gender differences are used to exemplify the issues discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present study examined the relationship between depression and various dimensions of anger using multiple measures of anger and hostility and comparing depressed subjects with both a normal sample and a clinical sample with predominant anger difficulties. Three groups of subjects were obtained: a normal sample of 120 parents of elementary school children, 36 psychiatric inpatients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive episode, and 54 hospitalized veterans meeting Diagnostic Interview Schedule criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The three groups differed significantly on all measures of anger experience, hostility, anger suppression, and anger expression. The depressed group reported greater levels of hostility and anger experience than the normal group but less than the PTSD group. On measures of anger suppression and expression, the depressed group exhibited more suppression than either the normal or the PTSD group and generally reported levels of anger expression comparable with the normal group's. The PTSD group reported the highest levels of anger expression. Within the depressed group, severity of depression was positively associated with levels of hostility and anger experience but was not related to measures of anger expression and was only partially related to anger suppression. These results are discussed as they relate to the “anger turned in” hypothesis of psychodynamic theories of depression, and directions for future research are noted.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Relationships between the extent of psychopathology and the occurrence of 21 major life events during five developmental periods (prebirth, infancy, childhood, latency, and adolescence) were examined with multiple regression and x2 analyses for 114 hospitalized male and female adolescents. Psychopathology was assessed with the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) at admission to long-term residential treatment in a private psychiatric hospital. Data on deaths, physical illnesses, psychological disturbances, and socioenvironmental events experienced by patients before admission were gleaned from interviews and institutional records. Life events and GAS were scored independently. Only deaths and socioenvironmental events were significantly associated with psychopathology. Specifically, deaths of grandparents during infancy corresponded to lower functioning at admission. Additional analyses showed that severe reactions of patients' mothers to grandparent deaths had been more common among those adolescents who were most disturbed at the time they were admitted to the hospital. These findings were largely serendipitous, however, and need replication.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reports lifetime rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in two rural northwest communities. One community was affected by a major natural disaster, the eruption of Mt. St. Helens. Following an epidemiology study of this disaster, communitywide patterns of PTSD were identified. Disaster-related, combat, sexual assault, and all other types of PTSD are presented for men and women. Symptom patterns from these distinct PTSD stressors are compared along with concurrent psychiatric disorders. The findings are discussed with other studies that use a broader definition of disaster stress response syndromes. This comparison identifies a limitation of PTSD diagnostic criteria that may significantly underestimate community rates.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fourteen patients receiving multiple antipsychotic drugs in a state mental hospital longterm unit comprised the study sample. They completed a 1-year clinical trial to reduce such drugs to a single antipsychotic agent. Six of the 14 patients were successfully converted to a single antipsychotic drug without clinical deterioration. Eight patients showed marked psychiatric decompensation when converted to single antipsychotic therapy. Factors that may have contributed to this difference are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using methods and statistics from actuarial decision theory, the authors evaluate the efficiency of constituent criteria and symptoms of DSM-III schizophrenia among 532 diagnostically heterogeneous patients participating in the Chestnut Lodge follow-up study. The conditional probability of meeting the full diagnostic set given each individual and combination of two, three, and four criteria is calculated. The best two-way (characteristic symptoms + absence of affective syndrome) and three way (characteristic symptoms + absence of affective syndrome + 6-month duration) combinations of criteria were associated with 93% and 100% probability of meeting the complete definition. Other criteria were relatively nonspecific. The data suggest that the efficiency and descriptive validity of future definitions of schizophrenia might be improved by including those features unique to the diagnosis and eliminating those that are relatively uninformative.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The delusion of replacement of one's self by a double or imposter is a feature of two delusional misidentification syndromes. In the syndrome of subjective doubles, the selfdelusion is the sole delusion of doubles. In the Capgras syndrome, the delusion of a selfdouble is infrequently reported; however, when it is reported, self-replacement is always accompanied by delusions of duplication of other people and sometimes of places. We review all such cases reported since 1900 and highlight the variety of presentations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID