摘要:

Previous literature on mastectomy indicates that the operation may be perceived by the patient as a threat to her femininity. Accordingly, the present study attempted to measure changes in body image, self-concept, and total self-image in mastectomy patients and two control groups (biopsy and surgical controls). Patients were given a questionnaire measuring the concepts in question three times. 1 day before surgery: 6 days after surgery; and 6 to 11 months later. There were distinctly different patterns of results for the three groups. Mastectomy patients did indeed evince a decline in body image and total self-image, but not until months after surgery. This was not unexpected in light of previous findings of massive denial in mastectomy patients. Immediately after surgery, this denial would be at its strongest, and it is feasible that it would take some months of reality testing until the denial is no longer a necessary defense. Biopsy patients showed a decline in body image and total self-image immediately after surgery, when their denial was no longer needed. Surgical control patients showed little overall change Thus, mastectomy patients do appear to react to the operation with a decline in self-image, although this does not appear until some time after the operation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Following two surgical operations under hypnotic anesthesia, it was possible, during subsequent recall under hypnosis, to elicit a representation of the past operative experience.It would seem that under hypnosis there is a persistence of the perception of nociceptive information and of its recognition as such by the subject.From an analysis of these two experiments in recall, it is possible to formulate several hypotheses concerning the psychological processes involved in hypnotic analgesia.In consequence of an affective relationship, in which the hypnotist's word assumes a special importance for the subject, the latter has recourse to two kinds of mechanism: a) internal (assimilation to an analogous sensation, not, however, registered as dangerous–rationalization); and b) external (total compliance with the interpretations proposed by the hypnotist), which lead to a qualitative transformation of nociceptive information, as also the inhibition of the behavioral manifestations normally associated with a painful stimulus.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Agoraphobia, characterized as fear of going into public places, vehicles, shops, streets, and so forth, is a prevalent syndrome which permeates the patient's life. The efficacy of psychoanalytic, behavioral, and pharmacological treatments has been disappointing. The pervasive nature of agoraphobia dictates that its treatment is most efficacious when a combination of separate although interactive techniques is applied in concert. A multimodal behavioral conceptualization provides the vehicle for the systematic combined application of seemingly diverse individual approaches through monitoring and treating the BASIC ID, an acronym for behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relationships, and drugs. In an illustrative case, application of the multimodal behavioral conceptualization was instrumental in bringing relief to an agoraphobic patient's distress and disabilities.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It has been suggested that a graded sequence of treatments might be the most efficacious approach to the rehabilitation of the regressed schizophrenic. To date, however, no research has been reported which examines the relative effectiveness of various treatment combinations with this difficult population. The present study is an investigation of the relative effectiveness of three treatment sequences in increasing social interaction among long term regressed schizophrenics. In this study, 32 chronic schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment sequences or to a control group. Each sequence began with six sessions of remotivation group therapy. Following, this, one group participated in four sessions of activities, another had social living discussions, and a third continued with remotivation therapy. Both the remotivation-activities sequence and the remotivation-only sequence significantly increased social interaction relative to the remotivation-social living sequence and the control group. Therefore, it appears that both the activities groups and the remotivation groups are effective early components of a graded treatment program to increase social interaction among withdrawn schizophrenics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Outcomes for 62 hospitalized mental patients were predicted, utilizing various background information, diagnoses, and staff ratings of behavior, as independent variables. Diagnoses and previous admissions correlated weakly with the outcomes,viz., length of stay, subsequent readmissions, and post-hospital adjustment. Staff ratings were more reliable, and of these, the open ward aides estimates generally were more effective than those of admission ward personnel or professionals. Staff predictions and judgments of patients' behaviors yielded multiple correlations explaining over 60 per cent of the variation in each outcome measure. In addition, the patient's judged competence and posthospital living situation were associated with his or her use of outpatient facilities.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two groups, each consisting of 24 normal young men, were given the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychology Battery and additional tests of intellectual and personality functioning, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Cornell Medical Index. The test (and subtest) scores were intercorrelated. No significant correlations were found between any of the personality tests and any of the subtests of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychology Battery. Most of the WAIS measures likewise failed to correlate with the Halstead-Reitan measures in the two samples. The exceptions were the Digit Span and Block Design subtests and the Performance Scale IQ score on the WAIS which did correlate with some of the subtests from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychology Battery. The findings with normal subjects reported in this paper, in contrast with findings with psychopathological and brain-damaged groups of subjects reported by others, indicate that for Ss in the top half of the population in education and WAIS FSIQ, individual differences in scores on the WAIS, the MMPI, TMAS, and CMI do not materially influence performance on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychology Battery measures.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the observation of Ferenczi and Purves-Stewart that conversion reactions occur with higher frequency on the left side of the body than on the right side could be confirmed. Both right-handed and left-handed patients experienced a higher proportion of left-sided symptoms (weakness or paralysis; sensory loss or numbness) than would be expected by chance, indicating a lack of support for the hypothesis that unilateral conversion symptoms occur most frequently on the most “convenient” (nondominant) side of the body. These findings and prior reports of left-sided lateralization of psychogenic pain were interpreted as support for the hypothesis that the right cerebral hemisphere is particularly involved in the mediation of affectively or motivationally determined somatic symptoms. The question of a possible link between these results and certain symptoms of disease of the right hemisphere was raised.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The treatment of depressed patients with the monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting antidepressant, phenelzine, was found to be accompanied by an 82 per cent reduction in platelet MAO activity and a 91 per cent reduction in plasma amine oxidase activity. Maximum reductions in enzyme activity occurred after 7 to 14 days of treatment; recovery of enzyme activity post-treatment required an average of 14 days for the platelet MAO and greater than 6 weeks for the plasma enzyme. Marked elevations in urinary tryptamine excretion occurred in conjunction with MAO inhibition during phenelzine treatment, but the magnitude of urinary tryptamine change in individual patients was not closely correlated with the magnitude of enzyme activity reduction. Changes in platelet serotonin content and in urinary catecholamine metabolites also occurred in response to phenelzine treatment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A test of facial recognition was given to 44 patients whose symptoms raised a question of differential diagnosis between brain disease and functional psychiatric disorder. These “pseudoneurological” patients presented symptoms (e.g., memory impairment, headache, sensory disturbances) that were sufficiently suggestive of CNS disease to warrant thorough neurological evaluation. In each case, such evaluation disclosed no evidence of brain disease and the final diagnosis was some type of functional psychiatric disorder. Facial recognition performances of these patients were indistinguishable from those of medical patients without history or evidence of brain disease. The findings support the clinical application of this type of task in cases presenting problems of differential diagnosis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID