摘要:

The records of 172 depressed inpatients were examined retrospectively to determine the presenting symptoms, history of stress, clinical course, and personality features characteristic of patients whose depressive syndrome had become autonomous. The autonomous distinction was based on observation of a lack of responsiveness of the syndrome to environmental events during the first week of hospitalization prior to drug treatment. The autonomous criterion was selected since it is a central characteristic of recent psychobiological models of depression and it could be operationally defined, reliably rated, and assessed independently of other patient characteristics. Sixty-eight autonomous patients were identified and compared with 104 patients who were responsive to hospitalization. The characteristics of the autonomous patients are discussed in relation to the previous literature, other diagnostic systems, and the criteria proposed for the diagnosis of melancholia in DSM-III

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present study examined male suicide attempters and a control population of psychiatric patients in an effort to determine the importance of life stress and locus of control as factors in suicide attempting. The parasuicide group was found to be younger, less psychotic, and more depressed than the psychiatric group. Age was found to mediate the relationship between stress and suicide attempts; among older subjects, stress was greater in the attempt group than in the control group, but no difference in stress levels was found for younger subjects. With respect to locus of control, the results indicated that suicide attempters did not differ from psychiatric patients on degree of externality, although a relationship between stress and parasuicide was found for those individuals identified as congruent externals

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Single-case experimental designs were used to evaluate behavioral and pharmacological treatments in obsessive-compulsive disorders. Four patients were treated in variants of the ABAB withdrawal design using behavioral and self-report data as dependent variables. Three of the four patients responded to behavioral or pharmacological treatment, whereas one patient responded to neither intervention

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A causal model is postulated to mediate the connection between patients' social class and therapists' evaluations of patients' suitability for psychodynamic psychotherapy. The model postulates that patients' social class gives rise to the learning of intellectual skills and cognitive styles, which lead to ways of interacting verbally with others, which in turn result in therapists' evaluations of patients' suitability. Thirty psychiatric outpatients were assessed for their intellectual skills and cognitive styles, and for their verbal interactions with their therapists during the first therapy session. One mediations] pathway was discovered as postulated by the model. This pathway was found to mediate the connection between patients' social class and their subsequent attendance in psychotherapy as well. Two unexpected pathways were found to mediate therapists' judgments of suitability, one of which also mediated patients' attendance in psychotherapy. These unexpected pathways are of particular interest for the clues they offer to the ways in which psychodynamic psychotherapy may be possible and rewarding with lower-class patients

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The life situations of discharged mental hospital patients were examined by comparing living arrangements, employment, financial support, and role functioning before and after hospitalization for a sample of patients released from three state mental hospitals. Results indicate significant negative change for both males and females. These negative consequences seemed to be most often due to loss of employment and the accompanying decrease in financial support. Three possible explanations for the findings are discussed: a) effects of the hospitalization; b) effects of the psychiatric illness; or c) prior role socialization and competence

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review of new developments in clinical neuropsychology is intended to acquaint the practicing psychiatrist with the current status of the field, focusing on its applicability to a variety of psychiatric situations. The approach of Luria is described in some detail, essentially because this represents one of the major formulations of the functional organization of the brain, which is now available for standardized assessment purposes as the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. At this juncture, it is relevant for psychiatry to gain familiarity with these new approaches, as an important adjunct to the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic problems of brain damage in the psychiatric patient

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the usefulness of limb tremor as an indicator of emotional arousal. In experiment 1, limb tremor measurements and subjective inventories were taken for two experimentally induced emotional arousal states (frustration and anxiety) and an experimentally induced relaxation state (calm) for two groups of 12 subjects each. A third group of 12 subjects had measurements taken for the relaxation state only. Tremor measurements were taken with an accelerometer, and the data were digitized and spectrally analyzed by computer. The subjective inventories were an abbreviated state form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a 7-point stress thermometer. The results of the experiment showed that, in a highly discrepant stimulus situation, the tremor and subjective measures were sensitive indicators of intra- and intersubject differences in emotional arousal. In addition, the stress thermometer data for two experimental groups correlated significantly with the limb tremor measures. In experiment 2, tremor measures and subjective inventories were taken for naturally occurring emotional arousal (anxiety) in 30 nonclinically anxious subjects before, during, and after an academic test-taking situation. Tremor measurements were taken with an accelerometer and the data digitized and spectrally analyzed by computer. The accelerometer was more sensitive than the one used in experiment 1. The subjective inventories were also more sensitive: the entire state form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and a 30-point stress thermometer were used. The tremor and subjective measures failed to detect significant intersubject differences in emotional arousal across experimental sessions. The subjective measures also failed to detect any significant intrasubject differences, whereas the tremor measure did detect such differences for 14 out of the.'JO subjects. This demonstrates that tremor measure can be a sensitive indicator of intrasubject emotional arousal across experimental sessions. Another finding of experiment 2 proved significant. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient was computed to determine whether the spectrally analyzed variance estimates on the tremor data agreed with the variances computed on the raw data. The results (rs=.93, p<.001) suggest that the variance computed on the raw data itself would have served as a reasonable estimate of tremor changes across experimental sessions. An elaborate computer analysis of the data may be unnecessary, thus allowing a therapist to use a microcomputer program to compute quickly and inexpensively a variance on raw tremor data that would allow him to monitor a patient's changes in emotional arousal

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty-six closed head injured patients referred to a rehabilitation medicine center were examined to determine the presence and nature of verbal deficits. Eighteen (32 per cent) presented classical symptoms of aphasia, 21 (38 per cent) had motor dysarthria, and 17 (30 per cent) had no discernible aphasic deficit in spontaneous speech, but showed clear evidence of verbal deficit on testingNo patient admitted with sequelae of closed head injuries was spared some degree of verbal impairment, however mild or apparent. Dysarthric patients, without exception, showed subclinical linguistic deficits. Although the patients studied were thought to be more severe than most of those reported in the literature, our findings suggest the desirability of a careful linguistic evaluation of all closed head injured patients because of the potential impact of verbal deficits on rehabilitation outcome

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

reassignment surgery were examined in two studies. In study 1, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of 19 patients who received no hormonal therapy and 22 patients who received 12 or more months of estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment were compared. Patients receiving hormonal therapy not only showed significantly less psychopathology, but their scores on MMPI scales indicating neurotic and psychotic disturbance were well within normal limits. These findings were corroborated in study 2, using correlational techniques to assess the effects of both hormonal treatment and cross-dressing on psychopathology. Length of hormonal treatment was related to emotional adjustment on four clinical scales of the MMPI. Scores indicating greater adjustment were associated with longer periods of treatment. Length of full-time cross-dressing, on the other hand, was not associated with patients' level of adjustment. These findings have important implications for those involved in personality evaluation of transsexuals and for future research. A more rigorous criteria for psychopathology may be required for those persons already exposed to hormonal therapy. It is further suggested that personality research with presurgical transsexuals include a drug hormone history

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This is a study of 547 patients hospitalized in a French hospital for the criminally insane over the past 10 years. This chart review study correlates diagnosis with criminal act and other psychological and sociological parameters. It is of note that the diagnosis of paranoia is strongly associated with violent crimes against persons, especially murder, whereas personality disorders are more associated with criminal acts involving property

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID