摘要:

The relation of 26 measures of ego functioning, as assessed by the responses of 101 blind men to the California Psychological Inventory, to employment status and travel freedom were examined. Previous research findings and methodology and the need to control for intervening variables were discussed. The accommodation of blindness was characterized by greater cognitive and intellectual articulation, the absence of ihtraceptive rigidity, and the flexible regulation of affect and impulse. While this pattern held true for those subjects born partially sighted and those acquiring total and partial blindness, no differences emerged for subjects born totally or partially blind. Support was found for the construct validity of the ego measures, as well as Haan's proposition of complementary pairing of ego functions. On the basis of these results specific recommendations were made regarding the administration of the scales and counseling among the blind.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present study was designed, first, to attempt to replicate the previously derived Goldstein and Linden Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory alcoholic personality subtypes, and second, to relate these personality patterns to a multidimensional measure of alcohol usage. Two of the previously obtained profile types were replicated through two independent cluster analytic procedures. These subtypes were defined as psychopathic and neurotic-depressive, respectively. Higher levels of drinking-related impairment were associated with anxiety and depression, while lower levels of impairment were related to psychopathic features among patients hospitalized primarily for alcoholism. However, relatively heterogeneous, distinctive configurations of reported drinking benefits, styles, and consequences were found across the Goldstein- Linden subtypes. Methodological factors potentially contributing to the failure to replicate two of the previously derived subtypes were discussed. The potential therapeutic utility of a multivariate classification of personality functioning and the use of a multidimensional assessment of alcohol usage within alcoholic populations was also discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A survey of 61 outpatients admitted to a mental health center for the treatment of alcoholism determined that a majority of them (59 per cent) were clinically depressed. The depressive symptoms were rarely treated with antidepressant agents and, at 1-year follow-up, were found to persist even though the patients had attended the standard treatment program for alcoholics. There is need for new treatment strategies that recognize the diagnostic heterogeneity of the alcoholic and that consider the use of appropriate psychopharmacological agents.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present paper summarizes three studies focusing on different aspects of seclusion room practices. The first study involved chart reviews to collect empirical data on reasons for seclusion, length of seclusion, and characteristics of secluded patients. The second study focused on staff attitudes toward seclusion; the third dealt with the attitudes of both secluded and nonsecluded patients. The average time of seclusion was approximately 4 hours and in most cases aggressive behaviors of various types were cited as the precipitating event. In addition, patient and staff attitudes implied that a major function of the seclusion process was to isolate patients from disturbing interactions and to maintain the smooth functioning of the ward minisociety. Two models of seclusion, an ethological model and a behavioristic “time out” model, were developed in order to integrate the results of these studies. Implications of the findings and models are presented for changes in seclusion room procedures.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent reports indicate that visual conversion reactions are not as rare as previously believed. The ophthalmological diagnosis is made by unique positive findings (tubular fields and fluctuating visual acuity) in the presence of a normal electrooculogram, electroretinogram, and visual evoked responses. The psychiatric findings in children and adults differ; in general, adults have more psychopathology, tend also to have other psychosomatic symptoms or conversion symptoms, and have greater personal and social disability from the symptoms.In young children, inadequately understood feelings of being threatened, usually because of strife within the family, tend to predominate. In adults, long-standing stress or insoluble conflicts of various kinds tend to be prominent. In addition there is sometimes a history of trauma to the eye, a fear of eye disease, a history of eye disease in the family, or other preoccupations with vision such as can occur in the families of professionals treating eye disorders.Visual conversion reactions must be differentiated from organic eye disease and from malingering. Visual conversion reactions can complicate organic disease of the eye or optic pathways and can precede or mask early symptoms of organic eye disease. Several features are described in this paper which may be useful in differentiating visual conversion reactions from organic disease and from malingering.The treatment of visual conversion reactions of recent onset in children can usually be carried out successfully by a concerned and understanding ophthalmologist with occasional psychiatric consultation, whereas in adults referral to a psychiatrist is usually indicated. In adults, recovery is usually less rapid and the ultimate prognosis tends to be worse.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A review of the psychiatric literature on childhood depression indicates confusion in the basic concept of depressive illness in childhood. There is no general agreement on criteria for childhood depression. The diagnosis of depression in childhood is being based on clinical impression, arbitrarily selected criteria, or on a favorable response to treatment with antidepressants. There is no distinction between primary and secondary depression. The diagnosis of “masked depression” is given to children with a wide range of different problems, based on the hypothesis that depression in childhood can be manifested by clinical symptomatology quite distinct from that found in adults. However, recent studies do not support this hypothesis. Most studies on childhood depression include a wide range of children in spite of the fact that from the data available in current literature it seems justified to distinguish between the different age groups of children, mainly the prepubertal and the adolescent groups.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The referral process between primary care physicians and a community mental health center was examined in a community which lacks a geographically based psychiatrist. The method included inspection of referral completion rate and evaluation of patients' characteristics and attitudes concerning mental health care. The findings indicated that only 10 per cent of referred patients who have had no prior contact with the community mental health center completed the referral. Reasons for this low referral completion rate are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A comprehensive structured psychiatric interview suitable for use by nonphysicians is described and its reliability evaluated. The schedule, called the Home Environment and Lifetime Psychiatric Evaluation Record (HELPER), includes extensive social background data, assessment of home environmental factors, and all items necessary for psychiatric diagnoses using several available sets of operational criteria. This schedule emphasizes the lifetime chronology of events and includes more detailed assessment of nonaffective symptomatology and social environmental background than other available instruments. Thirty-four psychiatric inpatients were assessed by physicians and nonphysicians using an interviewer/observer design. Inter-rater agreement for psychiatric symptoms and 11 possible syndromes was substantial (mean K 0.70 and 0.72, respectively) and for home environmental experience it was excellent (mean K 0.88). Nonphysician interviewers made ratings comparable to those of physicians even for those items thought to require the most clinical and medical judgment. The reliability and usefulness of nonphysician interviewers as part of a research team are demonstrated by these findings. More extensive application of structured psychiatric interviewing is encouraged.3

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This is the first report of a catatonic syndrome occurring in a patient receiving disulfiram treatment. A causal relationship is strongly suggested by the mode of onset, the absence of a previous history of catatonia, and the rapid resolution of the syndrome within 72 hours of discontinuance of the disulfiram therapy.Neurophysiological mechanisms which aid in elucidating the role of disulfiram in the etiology of catatonia are discussed.It is important that physicians be alerted to this serious, potentially lethal, complication, as it is readily reversible if the disulfiram is discontinued and appropriate supportive measures are taken. Also, it appears that these patients may be more susceptible to complications with future disulfiram usage and should be strongly counseled to seek alternative therapies for their alcohol problems in the future.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID