ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred cases of self-injury, comprising 39 self-cutters and 61 self-poisoners, were interviewed when they became able to describe the act: 83 in a casualty department, 17 in a hospital. Standardized recordings were made of their feeling state before and after the act, together with an account of the social circumstances under which it occurred. The information was obtained in a way which allowed comparison with existing animal data on self-injury, although comparisons were made between what is known of animal behavior in this area and human feelings as reported by these subjects.The results indicate similarities between what is known of animal self-injury and self-cutting in man in the form of the injury, in the social situation preceding the act, and in the agitation preceding it. Similarities also exist, but are less close, for the self-poisoners. The most obvious effect of the act is a reduction in tension; this may constitute its physiological value.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty schizophrenic patients were seen individually for three sessions in a balanced design. In each session, following subliminal stimulation with a neutral stimulus, a baseline assessment of pathology was made. Then, in different sessions, in counterbalanced order, each patient received one of three experimental (or “critical”) stimuli: a) a neutral control stimulus; b) a message—CANNIBAL EATS PERSON—intended to activate aggressive ideation; c) a message—I AM LOSING MOMMY—intended to activate fantasies of object loss. Each of these conditions was followed by an initial and later assessment of pathology, and finally by a measure of the patients' sense of differentiation from a mothering figure. In the final session other measures were also obtained, including each patient's conscious association to the critical stimuli when presented supraliminally.The major results were: a) as in previous experiments, the subliminal aggressive message intensified pathology and aggressive ideation—especially for relatively undifferentiated and relatively nondefended patients; b) subliminal stimulation of fantasies of object loss also increased pathology—especially for nondefended patients—and also increased the patients' sense of merging with the mothering object; c) the patients' response to subliminal stimuli—including presumably neutral ones—was a function of the conscious meaning(s) of such stimuli.It was concluded that: a) the threat of object loss (real or fantasied) may be one of the motivations supporting the development of pathology in schizophrenics; b) the activation of fantasies of aggressive destruction can exacerbate schizophrenic pathology—perhaps by activating fantasies of object loss; c) future research with subliminal stimulation should consider carefully the differential responsiveness of subjects to the content of particular messages.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychiatric diagnoses and formulations have classically focused on the chief complaint of the patient as part of a larger pattern of episodes and reactions. This is a form of state analysis in which the problem states of a person are carefully described and distinguished from other states. The authors suggest methods for deepening such formulations by grounding description of problem states in models of other states and models of state transitions. The resultant method of state analysis can be applied to examination of change processes during treatment as well as to initial diagnostic formulations. As an example of its use and possible extension to quantification, state analysis is applied to description of status and change in a person treated by brief psychotherapy. Because state analysis is based on observable behavior and reportable conscious experiences, it serves as a useful beginning point upon which to anchor more extended inferences about psychodynamics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reports on the effects of therapist and patient age as factors in the evaluation and treatment of adult psychiatric outpatients. Therapist ratings and patient self-ratings are contrasted in three age groups. Rating scales include symptomatology, motivation, insight, and prognosis. In addition, a chart review follow-up of 68 patients includes disposition and drop-out. The data suggest that older patients are perceived as sicker, but less treatable than younger patients or patients of the same age group as the therapist. Residents express a strong preference for treating younger patients, but more readily develop a treatment relationship with same age patients. Both older and younger patients were significantly less likely to remain in treatment. Age of therapist and patient as a significant, frequent unrecognized factor in psychotherapeutic intervention is discussed and modifications in psychiatric training programs are suggested.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Systems of psychiatric diagnosis have been regularly criticized for their low reliability and their inability to fit accurately the kinds of patients coming for treatment. To explore the reasons for these problems, this study utilizes a new method, the biplot, for defining groups of similar patients and the relationships of these groups to key symptom clusters. Using this technique to analyze data from a representative sample of first admissions for psychiatric disorder, results showed: a) symptom clusters representing the classical diagnostic categories, mania, schizophrenia, neurotic depression, and psychotic depression, were readily identified; b) however, only a few patients were clustered near these traditional syndromes.These findings suggest that although syndromes do exist that fit traditional diagnostic categories, the vast majority of patients fall between these syndromes, having characteristics from several of them. For most patients, forcing the diagnostician to choose among the categories requires an arbitrary decision that may contribute to dissatisfaction in the diagnostician who recognizes how misleading the diagnosis can be.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-four aircrew members with the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope were compared to 26 controls on variables of personality characteristics, psychosocial antecedents to the onset of their conditions, and hyperventilation experience. The syncope group was found to be younger, slightly less adaptable, and to have significantly more negative feelings about their work. The authors argue that syncope in aircrew should be considered from a psychosocial perspective as well as from a medical-neurological perspective.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eighteen of a population of 518 outpatients were found to fulfill diagnostic criteria for tardive dyskinesia. None of these patients complained to their therapists of their symptoms, and eight of them were not even aware of them. Five of the unaware patients were actively delusional or hallucinating. Since all eighteen were chronic schizophrenics on neuroleptics, these findings suggest that this group may not report their symptoms. The findings are important because early diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia allows more chance for intervention with satisfactory results.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychiatric examination of the participants in repeated episodes of rape demonstrated that sexual assault combined with stealing represents symbolically an attack upon the bad mother, such hostile acting out enabling the individual to defend against strong, but ambivalent, wishes to be nurtured. Separation from home in each case was considered a crucial precipitant of such behavior. It is suggested that exhibitionistic-voyeuristic conflict may be an important determinant of whether or not rape is committed in group fashion.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID