|
1. |
Peer Review Lives |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 307-308
Loc k,
Preview
|
PDF (163KB)
|
|
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
2. |
Are Mental States a Useful Concept? Neurophilosophical Influences on Phenomenology and Psychopathology |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 309-316
PAUL HARRISON,
Preview
|
PDF (942KB)
|
|
摘要:
Recent trends in neurophilosophy question the validity of conceptions as to the nature of mental states and of “folk psychology” (FP) in general. One school of thought, the “eliminative materialistics,” see FP as a misdirected and scientifically redundant approach to the mind which should be discarded; the “functionalists,” in contrast, consider FP categories, such as belief, to be essential. Between these extremes other neurophilosophical positions affect the way we view mental life. This paper extends the debate to include a consideration ofabnormalmental states. It is argued that approaches to phenomenology and psychopathology cannot be immune from any conceptual reconfiguration of normal mental life which might occur. The manner and extent to which psychiatric theory and practice may be affected as a result of these developments is discussed.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
3. |
Neurophilosophy, Psychopathology, and Clinical Psychiatric ScienceA Commentary on Harrison'sAre Mental States a Useful Concept? |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 317-319
MICHAEL SCHWARTZ,
Preview
|
PDF (292KB)
|
|
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
4. |
A Comparison of Four Measures to Diagnose DSM‐III‐R Borderline Personality Disorder in Outpatients |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 320-337
SUSAN LEWIS,
DAVID HARDER,
Preview
|
PDF (919KB)
|
|
摘要:
After three decades of clinical controversy and research, a clinical consensus has formed that borderline personality disorder (BPD) exists as a unique entity which can be defined by DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative abilities of four different approaches to the identification of borderlines and to differentiate a DSM-III-R BPD group from a control group of other diagnoses.The approaches were the Kernberg's Structural Interview, the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Personality Disorders (DIB), the Borderline Syndrome Index (BSI), and the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI).Sixty outpatient volunteers (27 men and 33 women) from a community mental health center served as subjects. The volunteers included 30 BPDs and 30 other diagnoses, including 11 non-BPD personality disorders. Point biserial correlations indicated that the best method for identifying DSM-III-R BPD was the DIB, and the second best was the Kernberg Structural Interview, although all four identified DSM-III-R BPDs at better than chance levels. Multiple regression results showed that the DIB accounted for 61.5% of the BPD variance, while the Kernberg approach added 4.9% more unique variance prediction. MCMI dimensions and personal history characteristics were used to identify differentiators of BPD from all other diagnoses and from other personality disorders.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
5. |
Assessment of Borderline Personality DisorderA Review of MMPI and Rorschach Findings |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 338-345
CHRISTINE ZALEWSKI,
ROBERT ARCHER,
Preview
|
PDF (891KB)
|
|
摘要:
This review examines the literature on assessing borderline personality disorder (BPD) using the MMPI and the Rorschach test. Despite the extensive use of these instruments in the assessment of BPD, the degree to which they are successful in identifying the disorder remains unclear. Methodological difficulties in this literature are discussed, including diagnostic and sample heterogeneity, base rate issues, systematic differences in selection criteria among studies, and, for the Rorschach, differing outcome measures. Both MMPI and Rorschach findings suggest a general trend for borderline groups to produce relatively unique findings. Their usefulness in yielding accurate individual diagnoses of BPD, however, has not yet been established. Furthermore, no supportive evidence was found for the commonly held hypothesis that BPD subjects show more impairment on unstructured measures than on objective measures.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
6. |
Pharmacotherapy for Southeast Asian Psychiatric Patients |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 346-350
KEH-MING LIN,
WINSTON SHEN,
Preview
|
PDF (584KB)
|
|
摘要:
Refugees have been demonstrated to be at high risk for developing major depressive and posttraumatic stress disorders, but are often not able to benefit from modern advances in psychopharmacology. Besides difficulties in cross-cultural psychiatric diagnosis, problems also arise from cultural differences in the expectation of drug effects and in compliance. Recent evidence has suggested that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of various psychotropic medications may be different in Asians than in non-Asian patients, leading to differences in dosage requirements and side effect profiles. These issues and their relevance to the care of refugee patients are reviewed.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
7. |
Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa with Lithium CarbonateA Controlled Study |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 351-355
L. GEORGE HSU,
LISA CLEMENT,
ROBIN SANTHOUSE,
ELIM JU,
Preview
|
PDF (517KB)
|
|
摘要:
Ninety-one female bulimic outpatients received lithium carbonate or placebo on a random basis, after being separated into depressed and nondepressed subgroups, in an 8-week double-blind trial. Sixty-eight patients who completed the study experienced a significant decrease in bulimic episodes after the 8 weeks. Lithium, in a dosage yielding relatively low plasma levels, was not more effective than placebo. However, depression and other psychopathologies decreased with improvement in bulimic behavior.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
8. |
Body Image Dissatisfaction in Homosexual and Heterosexual Males |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 356-359
DAVID HERZOG,
KERRY NEWMAN,
MEREDITH WARSHAW,
Preview
|
PDF (397KB)
|
|
摘要:
A nonclinical sample of 43 homosexual and 32 heterosexual men completed two self-report inventories regarding weight, body satisfaction, eating attitudes, and behaviors. Subjects were also asked to select their current and ideal figures, the weight they felt would be most attractive to a potential partner, and the weight to which they would be most attracted in a potential partner from figures representing very thin to very heavy physiques, Heterosexual men were significantly heavier than homosexual men and desired a significantly heavier ideal weight. Although the current and ideal physiques selected by the homosexual and heterosexual men were almost identical, homosexual men were more likely to desire an underweight ideal. A heightened pursuit of thinness may place homosexual men at an increased risk for developing eating disorders.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
9. |
The Role of Psychiatric and Medical Traditions in the Discovery and Description of Anorexia Nervosa in France, Germany, and Italy, 1873–1918 |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 360-365
TILMANN HABERMAS,
Preview
|
PDF (636KB)
|
|
摘要:
Should the national idiosyncrasies in the medical history of anorexia nervosa be attributed to differences in its prevalence or to differences in medical thinking? French, German, and Italian literature prior to World War I demonstrates that three approaches within traditions of psychiatric or medical thinking suffice to explain the national differences in reports of anorexia nervosa: minute clinical description, attentiveness to psychological facts, and attentiveness to nutrition. Furthermore, additional contributing factors are considered: general interest in neuroses, the institutional context, and the political context. As a result, historical epidemiological inferences are not warranted on the basis of the number of publications alone.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
10. |
Pharmacotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Phenelzine or Imipramine |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 179,
Issue 6,
1991,
Page 366-370
THOMAS KOSTEN,
JULIA FRANK,
ELISHEVA DAN,
CHRISTOPHER McDOUGLE,
EARL GILLER,
Preview
|
PDF (576KB)
|
|
摘要:
Sixty male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) participated in an 8-week, randomized trial comparing phenelzine (N= 19), imipramine (N= 23), and placebo (N= 18). Mean treatment retention was better on phenelzine (7.4 weeks) than on imipramine (5.6 weeks) or placebo (5.5 weeks). By week 5, both medications significantly reduced PTSD symptoms, as assessed by the Impact of Events Scale (IES), but the 44% improvement on phenelzine was greater than the 25% improvement on imipramine. The intrusion, but not the avoidance, subscale of the IES showed significant improvement, and the initial mild to moderate depressive symptoms did not significantly improve.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1991
数据来源: OVID
|
|