摘要:

This study was designed to systematically investigate personality, psychophysiological, and cognitive appraisal variables in three groups of mothers,i.e., abusive (N= 14), neglectful (N= 13), and low-income control (N= 15). All subjects completed a Mini-Mult, the Repression-Sensitization Scale, the Group Embedded Figures Test, the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist, and the Socialization scale of the California Psychological Inventory. They listened to an audiotape sequence of white noise, tone, and infant's cry sounds while cardiovascular and skin resistance measures were recorded. The mothers also rated six dimensions of the infant's cry on a semantic differential. The three groups of mothers differed on a variety of personality variables,e.g., on F, Depression (D), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Psychasthenia (Pt), and Schizophrenia (Sc) from the Mini-Mult, on their cognitive appraisal of the infant's cry, and on skin resistance measures. A combination of personality, psychophysiological, and cry rating variables was entered in a discriminant analysis that was successful in discriminating 80% of the subjects. The two significant discriminant functions were defined primarily by the Pd scale and a cognitive appraisal measure.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using the family history method, the authors examined the relationships of parental alcoholism to alcoholism, depression, and antisocial personality disorder among 638 opioid addicts. It was concluded that, compared to addicts without parental alcoholism; 1) addicts with parental alcoholism were more frequently concurrent alcoholics; 2) addicts with parental alcoholism not only had alcoholism more often, but also depression and antisocial personality disorder; 3) among alcoholic addicts, those with parental alcoholism had more severe problems with alcohol abuse; and 4) addicts with parental alcoholism reported more disruptive childhood events. The independent additive effects of disruptive childhood events and parental alcoholism on the severity of addict disorders including alcoholism were also examined. Although alcoholic addicts had experienced more disruptive childhood events than nonalcoholic addicts, these events did not substantially contribute to increasing the severity of alcohol-related problems. Similar results were obtained for depression and antisocial behaviors in these addicts. The conclusions concerning addicts supported some of those described for “familial alcoholism” among nonaddict alcoholics, but other characteristics of alcoholics with familial alcoholism were not found among addicts.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study addresses the longstanding clinical impression that episodes of endogenous depression have less relationship to environmental stress than episodes of nonendogenous depression. Stress levels of 100 Research Diagnostic Criteria assessed psychiatric inpatients are retrospectively assessed for the period immediately before episode onset and for an earlier, baseline period. Although pre-episode stress levels are higher in nonendogenous depressed patients than in endogenous depressed patients or psychiatric controls, this difference is due to a higher baseline level in the nonendogenous group. Compared longitudinally, all three groups show an equivalent increase in stressful events from the baseline to pre-episode period.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Knowledge of suicidal behavior,i.e., psychiatric patients indicating that they have an acquaintance or relative who has attempted or committed suicide, has been cited as a risk factor in the assessment of suicide potential. The authors evaluated psychiatric patients hospitalized for a suicide attempt (N= 30), serious suicidal ideation (N= 26), or other non-suicide-related reasons (N= 20) and also a control group of 18 patients admitted for orthopaedic surgery. Information derived from a structured clinical interview revealed that suicide attempters have fewer suicidal models than individuals in the other patient groups, and they are more interpersonally distant from the models they do know. Depression level was not positively related to the recall and reporting of suicidal models. Measures assessing suicide-related beliefs revealed that suicide attempters rated suicide as an effective solution for problems to a greater extent that did patients in the remaining three groups. The implications of these results for social learning models of suicidal behavior are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is assessed in 106 inpatient alcoholics by using a latent trait model. The analysis confirms that the BDI measures a single underlying dimension of depressive severity among alcoholics. Seven symptoms discriminate well for severity of depression. These seven—work inhibition, guilt, self-disgust, irritability, indecision, dissatisfaction, and loss of social interest—may represent criteria for depressive severity that are not confounded by chronic drinking, physical withdrawal, unique personality organization, or life circumstances of alcoholics. Three of the symptoms—dissatisfaction, loss of social interest, indecision—may represent core criteria for depressive severity by virtue of their previously demonstrated ability to discriminate well for severity of depression among both psychiatric and medical inpatients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychoses of late onset are poorly understood due to a limited number of inconsistent studies. The authors conducted this study to determine the clinical characteristics of a clearly defined group of patients with onset of psychosis after age 65 years and to test the usefulness of DSM-III criteria in diagnosing the condition of these patients. Late-onset psychosis occurred in 8% of the patients admitted to the geropsychiatry unit during the study period. More than three quarters of these patients suffered from either an organic mental disorder or major affective disorder, the remainder having primary psychotic disorder. The diagnoses of the psychotic patients were much less reliable than those of a comparable group of nonpsychotic patients, with more than 5 times as many patients in the psychosis group changing diagnostic categories between the time of their admission and their discharge. DSM-III diagnostic criteria were not well suited for the categorization of many of these patients. For patients with primary psychotic disorder, the criteria artificially subdivided groups of similar patients. For patients with organic mental disorder, the criteria did not provide sufficient guidance for the diagnosis of psychosis in the presence of dementia. All three groups of patients responded to somatic therapies. A subgroup of patients with affective disorder improved without neuroleptic treatment, and several patients with primary psychotic disorder benefited from antidepressant treatment. These results highlight the difficulty inherent in the treatment of patients with late-onset psychosis. Further research is needed to develop adequate diagnostic criteria and to determine which patients will benefit from neuroleptic and/or antidepressant therapy.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Age-specific prevalences of early awakening and feeling worse in the morning than in the evening were studied in 6034 subjects (schoolchildren, students, and employees) aged 9 to 60 years. Early awakening was found to be significantly more prevalent in males at most ages. In both sexes, early awakening was least prevalent in subjects aged 13 to 26 years and feeling worse in the morning than in the evening was most prevalent in subjects in their 20s. In subjects older than 21 years, the age trend of early awakening was a uniform increase, while that of feeling worse in the morning than in the evening was a uniform decrease. These two symptoms show roughly opposite age trends. Increasing prevalence of early awakening with age in endogenous depressives can be viewed at least partly as a reflection of the normal aging process.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous reports from treated psychiatric populations have reported a higher risk of mental illness among married females; however, community surveys often do not show this prevalence. Three referral groups, consisting of 488 subjects who were mentally ill but not seeking psychiatric treatment, provided a third type of population. For both sexes, combined drug and alcohol abusers were more likely to be divorced than to be married when compared to the rest of the study population (p< .05). Both schizophrenia and drug and alcohol abuse showed differential findings by marital status and by sex, with the likelihood of more mentally ill females than males being married in these treatment populations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of major depressive disorder complicated by carbon monoxide (CO)-induced Parkinson's syndrome is reported. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) revealed bilateral globus pallidus necrosis. Clinical, CAT, and neuropathological findings in other cases of CO encephalopathy with and without parkinsonism are reviewed. The utility of CAT in the diagnostic workup and in following clinical course is discussed, as are the difficulties of making a diagnosis of an antecedent primary psychiatric disorder in the presence of neurological and psychiatric sequelae of CO intoxication. There was no clinical response to a tricyclic antidepressant, but both the mood and movement disorders responded fully to L-dopa. The implications of these findings with regard to the central neurochemical pathophysiology in this patient and in major depressive disorder in general are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The case history and clinical course of a young adult patient who had diabetes mellitus and developed anorexia nervosa is described. This patient was referred for long-term inpatient treatment after short-term treatment efforts had failed. Inpatient treatment utilizing behavior modification, psychodynamic therapy, and family interventions in a long-term therapeutic milieu is discussed. This case is also contrasted with previous accounts of diabetic adolescents who developed anorexia; however, it is noted that no other reports exist of cases of anorexia developing in adult insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The necessity of integrating a variety of therapeutic techniques in such cases is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID