ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To examine the relation between psychiatric symptoms and defense mechanisms, we administered two questionnaires, the Symptom Check-list 90 (SCL-90) and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) to 122 psychiatric out-patients and to a community sample of 337 subjects. Using regression analysis, we found that 51.8% of the variation in subject's Global Severity Index value could be explained by his defense style. Of the three defense styles, the immature style explained most of the variation in the symptoms. We found little overall evidence for specific connections between particular defenses and symptoms. Projection and dissociation were central in most of the symptom dimensions. We compared patients and controls with the same level of general symptom severity and found that patients used significantly more devaluation and splitting, and controls used significantly more altruism and idealization. Whether defenses predispose to certain symptomatology or are one of its aspects is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report presents the initial results of a mental health survey of 351 tribal and non-tribal Mount Pinatubo disaster victims 6 years after they were displaced following the volcanic eruption in the Philippines on June 12, 1991. Mental illness prevalence rates in both Filipino ethnic groups were comparable to those found in a U.S. study using the same assessment instrument. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 27.6%) and major depression (14.0%) were the two most frequent diagnoses. Diagnostic test-retest interviewer agreement was good for probable alcohol abuse (κ = .65, agreement = 97%) and any mood disorder (κ = .53, agreement = 91%) but was reduced for any anxiety disorder (κ = .15, agreement = 81%) and separately evaluated PTSD (κ = .18, agreement = 69%). Diagnostic test-retest agreement was good among typical Filipinos (mean κ = .66, mean agreement = 93%) but was reduced among tribal aborigines (mean = .30, mean agreement = 86%). Internal consistency of the PTSD rating scale was high within and across both ethnic groups, including total scale (α = .91) and DSM-IV Criteria B, C, and D sub-scales (α = .80, 81, and .78, respectively). With the exception of probable alcohol abuse, construct and criterion validity was demonstrated among both tribal and non-tribal Filipinos for all classes of psychiatric disorders by comparing diagnostic results with respondents' views of their physical and mental health and level of functional impairment. Overall, DSM-IV mood, anxiety, alcohol use, and PTSDs with adequate reliability and construct and criterion validity were made in this culturally diverse, non-Western, disaster victim population. However, test-retest diagnostic agreement was reduced for anxiety disorders and among aboriginal respondents, and validity was not demonstrated for probable alcohol abuse.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Despite the devastating impact of affective dysregulation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there has been little research on how trauma relates to affect regulation. This study examines the relationship between the cognitive capacity to control mental images and symptoms of individuals with (N= 23) and without (N= 23) PTSD after exposure to SCUD missile attacks during the Gulf War. The capacity to control mental images, symptoms of post-trauma, anxiety, and anger were assessed. PTSD subjects with a high image control reported a higher capacity to control anger, lower levels of anger state and expression, and lower levels of intrusive symptoms compared with PTSD subjects with low image control. In individuals without PTSD, results show that the better the image control, the lower the control of anger and the higher the expression of anger. Image control seems to play different functions in the emotional regulation of normal subjects (facilitatory) and PTSD patients (protective).

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We extended the work ofSmith and Frueh (1996)by evaluating whether combat veterans classified as "extreme exaggerators" were more likely to be compensation-seeking, and to report greater levels of psychopathology across self-report instruments than "nonexaggerators." Of 119 veterans who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) at an outpatient posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) clinic, 26 (22%) and 17 (14%) were identified as extreme exaggerators using two MMPI-2 validity indicators with stringent cutoffs (F-K ≥ 22; F(p) ≥ 8). These veterans were much more likely to be compensation seeking and scored much higher on self-report measures of various psychological symptoms than non-exaggerators, despite having lower rates of PTSD diagnoses and similar rates of other comorbid diagnoses. Findings suggest that the validity indices of the MMPI-2 can play a critical role, as a screening instrument, in identifying veterans who may be exaggerating their psychopathology to gain disability compensation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study determined which variables affect women's mood state during the menopausal transition by using six prospective annual assessments of a community-based sample of 354 Australian mid-aged women. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance found that negative mood scores decreased significantly over time and were not related to natural menopausal transition, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, inhibin, age, or education. The magnitude of negative mood was significantly predicted by baseline reporting of premenstrual complaints, negative attitudes to ageing and menopause, and parity of one. During follow-up, the magnitude of negative mood was significantly adversely affected by: prior experience of negative mood, experience of bothersome symptoms, poor self-rated health, negative feelings for partner, no partner, current smoking, low exercise, daily hassles, and high stress. Negative mood was reduced by decreasing symptoms, improving health, positive feelings for partner, gaining a partner, and reducing stress. The menopausal transition had an indirect effect in amplifying the effect of reducing paid work, poor health, and daily hassles.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID