摘要:

Are there patterns of characteristics in psychiatric patients, different from traditional diagnostic considerations, that could provide important information for understanding, treatment, and research? To pursue this question, this report describes an investigation of clinical and demographic characteristics in a representative sample of first admissions for functional psychiatric disorder. Analyzing the patterns of these characteristics showed that social class had a particularly key role relating to a larger number of characteristics than did symptom and functioning measures. Symptoms when analyzed together revealed replicated factors not corresponding to diagnostic types. The implications of these and other findings for considering a broad perspective in conceptualizing, studying, and treating psychiatric disorder are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A previous study described the development of the Respiratory Illness Opinion Survey (RIOS) which measures six categories describing attitudes toward respiratory illness and its treatment: Optimism, Negative Staff Regard, Specific Internal Awareness, External Control, Psychological Stigma, and Authoritarian Attitudes. In the present study these attitudes were found: a) to relate more clearly to general personality characteristics than to illness-specific subjective symptomatology; b) to enable types of asthmatic patients to be described on the basis of the patterns of attitude category scores; and c) to provide some information about treatment outcome in asthma as indexed by length of hospitalization during long term, intensive therapy, the need for prescribed oral corticosteroids, and rates of rehospitalization and judged severity following discharge from treatment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report describes autonomic and behavioral measures that reliably discriminate two strains of pointer dogs. These two strains, one abnormal and the other normal in behavior, have been produced by a combination of inbreeding and selection. In this context, abnormal behavior means marked timidity, excessive startle, and catatonic-like immobility. The prepotent stimulus eliciting such “phobic” behavior is man.Discriminant analyses were done on 20 pathological and 19 normal dogs using behavioral measures alone, autonomic measures alone, and combined behavioral and autonomic measures. Resting heart rate (HR) as well as HR and electrocardiographic changes due to an intravenously administered parasympathetic blocker (atropine) and a sympathetic stimulant (isoproterenol) were studied. The combined battery of behavioral and autonomic variables separated the two strains of pointers with 100 per cent accuracy; behavioral measures alone and autonomic measures alone were 95 per cent accurate.To test the validity of the discriminant coefficients derived from the autonomic analysis, 10 additional animals were studied. The previously computed discriminant coefficients were blindly applied to this new sample. Of the 10 dogs, 9 were correctly identified as abnormal or normal (one misclassification). It would appear that in these animals, abnormal behavior has specific autonomic correlates.The results of this study along with hematological and CNS biochemical data from our laboratory are discussed in terms of brain mechanisms that might underlie the behavior of the pathological strain.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is usually assumed that anxiety arousal has a disruptive effect on speech and that it is associated with an increase in the frequency and the duration of silent pauses. Evidence is presented that anxiety arousal per se is associated with a reduction in silent pauses and an acceleration of speech rate, unless the speech task involves complex decision making. It is proposed that silent pauses in speech, including those pauses which are a result of anxiety-related defensiveness, are most parsimoniously explained in terms of information processing which is taking place at the time of the pausing.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors assess their experience with reviewing the length of stay of inpatients in a mental health facility. The study yielded data that refine the review process and suggest a rationale for selection of cases for review that may have educational value both to the admitting staff and physician-reviewers. The authors urge experimentation with length of stay norms which reflect specified treatment protocols related to diagnosis, rather than reliance on diagnosis alone.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Additional evidence from pathology findings is presented in support of the proposition that amnestic confusional phenomena, induced by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus in epileptic patients and resembling transient global amnesia, are related to unilateral (dominant hemisphere) cerebral mechanisms.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The author presents a case report of a manic-depressive patient who developed dysarthria and ataxia while on lithium maintenance. These symptoms were erroneously attributed to lithium toxicity occurring at therapeutic serum levels. However, the symptoms persisted despite diminution in lithium dosage and a neurological consultation revealed the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The author concludes that lithium therapy is effective with manic-depressive patients, that adverse side effects are infrequent and can occur at toxic or therapeutic serum lithium levels, and that the exceptional patient may have a second illness incorrectly attributed to lithium toxicity.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The case of a 30-year-old woman with five distinct personalities is presented. The patient was treated, using a system of structured video taped sodium amobarbital interviews, in which areas to be explored were developed in psychotherapy. Tapes were played for the patient after each session. The taped material was used as the basis for psychotherapeutic investigation.The patient evidenced many of the features previously reported in cases of multiple personality, specifically: being the product of an unwanted pregnancy in a repressively rigid family; emotional distancing by one parent; strong sibling rivalry with an adopted sib; family history of mental illness; a traumatic first sexual experience (rape); a marriage to a maladjusted individual in an attempt to escape the parental home; a high internalized standard of performance and an inability to display anger or negative feelings toward the parents.In the course of treatment, the patient's personalities fused and she was able to accept each component as a part of herself. No further fragmentation has occurred during the year following discharge. The therapy technique minimized dependency, and the possibility of addiction to amobarbital interviews permitted more active patient therapy involvement, and set clear-cut goals and expectations for improvement before further amobarbital interviews could be conducted.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID