ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antisocial personality and hysteria have been thought to represent a single condition. Different clinical presentations for the disorders have been attributed to cultural stereotyping and diagnostic bias. The present study carefully examines detailed psychiatric histories taken from 560 nonpatient university students. Diagnoses of antisocial personality and hysteria are based on the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric research of Feighneret al. Interviewer bias is avoided.Both disorders were present in both sexes. Hysteria was more common for women, whereas antisocial personality occurred more frequently in men. The two disorders presented with nearly equal frequency in men. Hysteria was more frequent and antisocial personality was less frequent in women than in men. The two disorders were associated for women but not for men.Specific symptoms of antisocial personality were associated with hysteria and were identified. Specific symptoms of hysteria were associated with antisocial personality, differed in some respects between men and women, and demonstrated more symptoms of depressive illness for female sociopaths.Antisocial personality, hysteria, and their combination considered together as a possible single entity occurred with equal frequency for both sexes.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Alexithymic characteristics in 100 chronic respiratory illness patients were assessed by means of the Beth Israel Psychosomatic Questionnaire (BIQ). The study was designed to explore the relationship of alexithymia to various demographic variables and three disease categories (asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive respiratory disease). The BIQ was found to yield a high inter-rater reliability when the interviews were conducted and rated in a systematic manner. Significant relationships were found between alexithymia and age, marital status, and disease categories; however, the latter two relationships appear to some extent to be artifacts of the age differences of the subjects among categories. More research is needed to understand the nature of the relationship between alexithymia and age, but it should also be profitable to examine the relationship of this variable to medical outcome.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A random sample of 50 adults in the general population received an open ended interview regarding their concepts of intimacy. A second random sample of 24 couples from the general population and 24 clinical couples received a standardized interview in which concepts of intimacy were systematically rated to develop an operational definition of the dimensions of intimacy.Self-disclosure was identified as a fundamental aspect of intimacy in interpersonal relationships and marriage. Expression of affection, compatibility, cohesion, identity, and the ability to resolve conflict were also considered important aspects of intimacy. Sexual satisfaction was considered less important than previous definitions of intimacy have suggested. The perception of his or her parents' level of intimacy was thought to influence the subject's own interpersonal relationships.Couples with marital maladjustment and/or psychiatric illness were less aware of aspects of their marriage which influence intimacy. They more frequently disagreed that sexuality influenced their level of intimacy.The study suggests that self-disclosure and parental interpersonal intimacy may be fundamental factors in marital adjustment which merit further research.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present study investigated the relationship of a multivariate classification of alcoholic patients based upon Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles taken at admission to psychopathology and drinking behavior at a 6- to 12-month follow-up interval. It was found that a subtype of patients characterized as psychoneurotic, with reactive anxiety and/or depression, evidenced significantly higher levels of psychopathology at follow-up than the remaining three subtypes. Furthermore, this subtype demonstrated higher levels of physical, social, and psychological impairment from post-treatment drinking episodes. No differences were found among the four subtypes with respect to outpatient therapists' ratings of personality change and adjustment. The findings indicate that such a multivariate classification of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles has predictive utility. The results also suggest that the present subtypes would be useful in investigating the potential utility of differential therapeutic intervention strategies for different patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Utilization of positive and negative feedback was investigated in a sample of 20 depressed and 20 nondepressed psychiatric inpatients. Patients, selected on the basis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scores and clinical diagnoses, received primarily positive or negative feedback after completing a moral judgment task. Results suggest that depressed patients are likely to utilize positive, personally relevant information to enhance their low self-esteem, whereas nondepressed patients are more likely to counteract negative feedback that is inconsistent with their self-evaluations. The results fail to confirm the presence of memory deficits for positive feedback in depression, proposed by Kovacs and Beck (Am. J. Psychiatry,135: 525–532, 1978), and are more consistent with the prediction of Mischelet al. (J. Consult. Clin. Psychiatry,44: 92–103, 1976) that people tend to be cognitively biased toward success and toward perpetuating positive emotional states.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Insight-oriented group psychotherapy is a common modality of treatment on inpatient psychiatric wards, yet its effectiveness for acutely hospitalized patients has not been adequately studied. A comparison was made of the effects of three experimental conditions (insight-oriented group psychotherapy, activity-oriented task group, and unstructured control condition) on 86 acutely hospitalized psychiatric patients at a United States Air Force teaching hospital. The group psychotherapy and task group patients did not show greater improvement after 20 days of hospitalization than control patients. In fact, significantly more psychotic patients scored worse in the group psychotherapy condition. It is suggested that insight-oriented group psychotherapy may not be an effective treatment modality during the first 3 weeks of psychiatric hospitalization, especially for psychotic patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty-six chronic schizophrenic outpatients and their significant others were interviewed separately and given the Social Adjustment Scale II. Intraclass correlations revealed a statistically significant level of agreement between the patients' and the significant others' reports of social adjustment. The mean scores for different areas of social adjustment showed considerable variation, and there were interesting differences between the raters' and significant others' judgments of the social adjustment of the patient.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although more and more case reports of self-induced water intoxication are published each year, we do not know yet what induces certain psychiatric patients to drink water in excess, and why only some of them develop water intoxication. This report, based on 13 patients who had 21 episodes of self-induced water intoxication, is an attempt to explore the characteristics of the patient population at risk for this malady. The role of psychosis, psychotropic drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, and the possible predilection of Caucasians, should be tested in a larger patient population before any firm conclusions can be drawn.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report is the first to cite contemporary childhood sources in elucidating the significance of abnormal mothering for the genesis of anorexia nervosa. The claim for the unreliability of maternal recall in providing developmental data for anorexic patients is supported.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID