摘要:

Twenty normal males were selected for the study. Criterion for selection was based on personality structure. Subjects were made to remain sleepless for at least 22 hours and then were administered one of a number of antifatigue medications. Hypotheses had been formulated predicting differential responses by the two personality types to the sleeplessness state and to the antifatigue medication. Partial confirmation of the hypotheses was obtained.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study attempted to identify and explore those therapist attributes which might be related to low socioeconomic class patients dropping out of psychiatric drug treatment, a widely recognized problem. Six experienced psychiatrists were observed during their initial treatment sessions with approximately 225 neurotic outpatients participating in a double blind, placebo-controlled psychiatric drug evaluation study. Patients were primarily of low socioeconomic class, female, and Negro. The observers rated items related to therapists' behavioral activity, characteristics, reactions, general style, and therapeutic activity on either 4− or 7-point scales.The data were approached in two ways. One set of analyses compared three therapists with relatively low dropout rates with three therapists with relatively high dropout rates, using only patients who completed the study. In a second set of analyses, patients were divided into two groups, completers and dropouts; therapists were pooled; and styles of treatment with these two patient groups were compared.Low dropout therapists were rated as more active, as more positive in dealing with and reacting toward their patients, and as providing greater and more personalized interview structure and focus. Low dropout therapists reported greater liking for their patients, although less comfort with them. They also were judged by the observers to be less enthusiastic about the medication and, in turn, saw their patients as less eager about taking the drugs. Finally, low dropout therapists rated their patients higher in pathology but with a better prognosis. All therapists were rated as somewhat more active and involved in therapeutic activity and as having a warmer relationship with completers than with dropouts.It was suggested that the therapists' approach to treatment might fruitfully be described in terms of a bipolar continuum, ranging from activity to passivity. It was further suggested that more active involvement of therapists and greater attempts to involve patients actively in the treatment process seem to decrease dropout rates even in situations where drugs are considered to be the central treatment agent and the population consists of low socioeconomic class patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the treatment of alcoholism has led to many claims as to the drug's efficacy, but without a controlled study of both in-hospital application and posthospital adjustment of patients. The present paper is concerned with the use of LSD in placebo and maximum dosages as a concomitant of a Human Relations Training Laboratory treatment program. Patients receiving LSD were also compared with patients completing the Laboratory program but not receiving LSD. Findings were such as to indicate that the long term gains through use of LSD are negligible. A successful post-treatment adjustment seems more closely associated with pretreatment employment level, marital status, and whether or not the patient completes the treatment program.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) was identified by the Food and Drug Administration in samples of STP. Initial reports in the news media indicated that this compound produced prolonged hallucinogenic effects. This study evaluated some of the psychological and physical effects of low doses of DOM.Twelve healthy subjects, normal male graduate students, were admitted to the Medical Research Ward of The Johns Hopkins Hospital. In a double blind design six received tap water placebo and six received the active compound DOM. Subjects were administered a series of physiological and psychological tests. Anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive and somatic symptoms were measured. In addition, the occurrence of euphoria, dysphoria, and LSD-like symptoms were monitored. The scales used were a symptom questionnaire, consisting of 240 items, and the symptom check list, consisting of 64 items.There were no marked physiological changes in pulse rate, blood pressure, oral temperature, or pupillary diameter. The symptom check list indicated that there were significant differences between the placebo group and the drug group. The drug group scored significantly higher on the anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and somatic scales. The symptom questionnaire also indicated significantly increased scores for the drug group on the LSD-like symptoms and euphoria and dysphoria scales.The data from this study indicated that low doses of DOM produced significantly increased feelings of anxiety, euphoria, dysphoria, with somatic and LSD-like symptoms when compared to the control group. The drug did not produce any marked changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature, or pupillary diameter.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A reciprocal relationship between hostility and depression is postulated by psychodynamic theory. Following the classic formulations derived from Freud and Abraham, the turning of hostility away from the object world and onto the ego is a crucial mechanism in the psychogenesis of depression. The effects of imipramine and other antidepressants have been studied for possible verification of this hypothesis. Based on clinical observations and research studies, it is postulated that imipramine mobilizes hostility and that this mobilization underlies the drug's therapeutic psychodynamic action. In a study of psychodynamic changes in women with depression, opportunity was afforded to test this view. Three women, hospitalized for their depressions, were studied longitudinally before and during treatment with imipramine. Using the Gottschalk verbal sample technique, hostility directed inward and directed outward was measured. No significant differences were found between the imipramine and preimipramine periods, despite significant clinical improvement during the drug treatment period.Further longitudinal studies of the effects of imipramine upon hostility are needed, before the “mobilization hypothesis” can be accepted or dismissed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty-seven hospitalized male cultural-familial retardates, ages 9 through 14, were treated with Dilantin in a double blind study. All subjects were placed on placebo for 2 weeks. For the next 8 weeks the drug group was given 100 mg of Dilantin twice a day to determine the effects of Dilantin on their social, emotional, and cognitive behaviors. The control group continued to receive placebo throughout the study. Direct psychological assessment of the subjects and evaluation by professional personnel were obtained prior to and after 8 weeks of drug treatment. Thorough physical examinations and laboratory determinations were made throughout the study.Dilantin-treated subjects showed strong improvement in ability to maintain attention, in self-control and delay of gratification, and in improved interpersonal relationships with adults. Drug subjects showed strong improvement in logical thinking. Drug subjects showed trends toward decreased temper outbursts, lowered impulsivity, and lowered aggression. Concomitantly, drug subjects showed trends to increased ability to concentrate and to better visual-motor organization.No toxicity was noted. No side effects were found. Drug subjects who had been on prior tranquilizing medication showed no regression into disturbed behavior, suggesting that Dilantin provided therapeutic support equivalent to prior medication.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In opposition to the generally accepted view that true drug addiction is always chemically based, the present paper seeks to emphasize underlying personality disorder as a cause for some forms of addiction. The two young patients described in this paper were addicted to Drinamyl (Dexamyl in the United States), and both have recovered from their underlying disturbance and no longer need the support of addictive drugs.The systematic desensitization of the patients' social anxieties formed an integral part of a much wider therapeutic program, which included training these patients to go to areas in London where drugs are freely available, and to be able to resist buying these drugs when they were offered by their friends. This led to the uncovering of phobic symptoms of which they had previously been unaware and made possible a treatment in much greater depth than could have been conceived at first examination. The final recovery of these two addicts is unusual in that both are working full time, no longer need addictive drugs, and have made satisfactory life adjustments. The argument is put forward that an important factor in their recovery is that the therapeutic value of the treatment session under deep hypnosis could adequately replace the desired effects of the drug. The patients themselves equated the effect of a treatment session with that of a dose of Drinamyl, but it was only when the patients felt that a treatment session had exceeded the value of the original Drinamyl that one could be sure that he would not return to the drug. All statements from the patients were supported by evidence from other members of the family, since addicts' statements tend to be somewhat unreliable and should always be corroborated by supportive evidence from less subjective sources.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This was an effort to repeat in a controlled experiment Marieq's findings that the normally invisible subpapillary plexus was visible in more familial than nonfamilial schizophrenics. Newly admitted white male schizophrenic veterans were given detailed physical and mental examinations, including a blind evaluation of the relative visibility of the nailfold plexuses. Although the familial schizophrenics had more visible plexuses than the nonfamilial ones, the difference was small. The two categories were compared on 46 variables relating to background, mental status, treatment status, and physical condition with almost no positive results. The demonstrated difference in the nailfold plexuses seems to be of little nosological value.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID