摘要:

This paper discusses contrasting assumptions in psychiatric epidemiological research regarding the relative significance of childhood and adult social experiences as etiological factors in adult psychopathology. It delineates a set of hypotheses that relate internal parental representations to subsequent depressed mood and to psychosocial assets assumed to mediate the relationships between parental representations and mood states. These hypotheses were prospectively tested using a cohort of medical students surveyed at medical school entrance and 7 months later. The data show that earlier paternal affectivity perceived at time 1 is inversely predictive of time 2 depressed mood, holding time 1 mood constant, whereas earlier maternal and paternal overprotection perceived at time 1 are directly predictive of time 2 depressed mood, holding time 1 mood constant. In addition, parental representations at time 1 are significantly linked to particular personality characteristics at time 1 and 2. However, it is not clear whether these personality characteristics are antecedents or consequences of depressed mood. The paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and methodological issues involved in the retrospective assessment of remote social experiences as etiological factors in adult psychopathology.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three pediatric cases of girls, one with idiopathic precocious puberty and two with a birth defect of the sex organs, exemplify the proposition that genital exposure and the physical examination of the genitals may be experienced subjectively as nosocomial sexual abuse. Negative sequelae persisted into adulthood. The dogma of the new victimology industry is that children never lie about sexual abuse. Consequently providers of pediatric and ephebiatric (pubertal and adolescent) sexual health care already are progressively at risk of being falsely accused of nosocomial (from the Greeknosokomeion, from nosos, disease, +komeion, to take care of: pertaining to or originating in a hospital, as nosocomial disease) sexual abuse.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recently published reports of physical assault by women in late pregnancy upon their unborn children have elicited a response of incredulity in many professionals. This response is identical to that which followed the publication of the first cases of child abuse in the 1960s. The present paper attempts a preliminary exploration of the incidence of the urge to “hurt or punish” the unborn child using a sample of 112 normal pregnant women and their male partners. Eight percent of the women and 4% of the men acknowledged experiencing such an urge. The male partner appeared to be aware of the woman's aggressive feelings toward the fetus and the male's reports tend to validate the female findings. Despite some methodological shortcomings, the findings suggest that the urge to physically assault the fetus is not rare. The need for further investigation of the phenomenon is highlighted, as it may well represent the earliest precursor of later physical child abuse.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reports on 73 consecutive admissions to an outpatient anxiety disorder clinic for children and adolescents. Patients were evaluated with a structured diagnostic interview for primary and secondary disorders with DSM-III criteria in order to examine patterns of comorbidity. The most common primary diagnoses for the sample included separation anxiety disorder (33%), overanxious disorder (15%), social phobia of school (15%), and major depression (15%). Children with a primary diagnosis of separation anxiety disorders were most likely to receive a concurrent diagnosis of overanxious disorder. Alternatively, children with aprimarydiagnosis of overanxious disorder were most likely to receive an additional diagnosis indicative of a social anxiety problem, either social phobia or avoidant disorder. Children with a primary major depression most often exhibited social phobia and/ or overanxious disorder. No clear-cut pattern of comorbidity emerged for the social phobic (school) group. These findings are discussed in terms of their comparability with results recently obtained from an adult anxiety clinic population.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Spanish DIS was applied to a community probability sample in an island-wide survey of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Puerto Rico. The prevalence of “severe cognitive impairment” as measured by the DIS Mini-mental State Examination (DIS/ MMSE) is significantly higher than that reported in similar studies in US communities. The total sample (N=1532) was used to study the impact of demographic variables and other psychiatric diagnoses on DIS/MMSE scores. Educational level was by far the strongest predictor of total scores as well as of scores on individual items. Issues are discussed and recommendations are made related to the use of this test in Hispanic populations of low educational level.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors present the results of a project to develop scales to measure the features of adult attachment using a construct-oriented approach. Adult attachment is defined in terms of eight features: proximity seeking, secure base effect, separation protest, feared loss of the attachment figure, reciprocity, availability, responsiveness of the attachment figure, and use of the attachment figure. Each feature was defined and a large item pool to tap all dimensions was derived from item nominations by clinicians, researchers, and lay subjects. The resultant scales were administered to a small sample for preliminary empirical testing. Analyses of internal reliability for each scale resulted in the elimination of items that detracted from reliability. After editing, all scales had satisfactory internal consistency. A discriminant-functions analysis provided suggestive evidence that this method of defining and measuring adult attachment would have relevance for identifying psychopathology.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 64-year-old patient with major depression who developed self-induced water intoxication associated with rhabdomyolysis is presented. The possible link between acute hyponatremia and muscle injury is discussed and previous reported cases with this association are reviewed. The importance of recognizing this complication in patients with water intoxication is stressed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID