摘要:

Visual imagery, hypnosis, creativity, dreams, and “imagination” have all been linked conceptually by theoreticians of various schools to an increased influence of right hemispheric processes compared with left hemispheric processes. This paper reviews empirical studies that have addressed the issue of whether there is an increased activation or efficiency of right hemispheric processes during imagery, hypnosis, rapid eye movement sleep, and dreaming. Overall, there is considerable evidence supporting the notion of increased right hemispheric activation in imagery. There is also some evidence supporting this view for rapid eye movement sleep, dreaming, and hypnotic phenomena. For the most part, however, the lack of adequate studies, contradictory or negative findings, and moderating variables make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions at this time.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The construct of alexithymia has been postulated as a predisposing factor in psychosomatic illness. The alexithymia construct has achieved wide currency in psychosomatic research and theorizing despite its doubtful psychometric foundations. Also, the question of between-group variability in alexithymia has not been addressed. In this study we proposed and tested a Rorschach measure of alexithymia on four groups of psychosomatic patients (back pain, gastrointestinal, dermatology, migraine headache). It was hypothesized that psychosomatic groups would be more alexithymic than non patients. To examine the question of between-group variability in alexithymia, it was hypothesized that back pain patients would be more alexithymic than other psychosomatic groups. Both hypotheses were supported. Additionally, exploratory comparisons between psychosomatic groups revealed a number of differences between the groups in basic personality processes. The findings show promise for the use of the Rorschach test as an alexithymia measure. Based on the current study, heterogeneous grouping of psychosomatic patients in research designs and treatment programs appear to be a highly questionable procedure.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A total of 98 patients with chest pain and no prior history of organic heart disease underwent a structured psychiatric interview at the time of cardiac diagnostic testing, either coronary arteriography or exercise treadmill. Patients with negative cardiac test results were significantly younger and more likely to be female, endorsed a greater number of autonomic symptoms with their chest pain, and were more likely to report atypical chest pain. These patients had significantly higher scores on measures of anxiety and negative life events and significantly greater prevalences of DSM-III panic disorder (47%vs. 6%), major depression (39%vs.8%), and two or more simple phobias (43%vs. 12%) than did patients with cardiac test results demonstrating coronary artery disease. Using logistic regression, a model was developed to estimate the probability of negative cardiac test results from patient characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The independence and internal consistency of Andreasen's positive and negative symptom scales was found to be good for schizophrenics but not for a comparison group of manic patients, supporting the assumption that the symptom distinction is diagnosis specific. Discriminant function analysis revealed that ratings of positive and negative symptoms are capable of predicting diagnostic category for the two groups with a high degree of accuracy.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Callahan and Saccuzzo (J Nerv Ment Dis174:240–242, 1986) claim that there has been no published research on thought disorder (associative cognitive dysfunction) in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenics and interpret the results of their preliminary study as indicative of familial psychopathology. In fact, there have already been numerous published studies on this topic drawing the same broad conclusion. Attention is drawn to these studies, and their findings are described. A fresh approach to research in this area is called for.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Contrary to both theoretical and empirical findings, Romney equates associative cognitive dysfunction with other manifestations of thought disorder. Moreover, he overstates the case for the documentation of thought disorder in the families of schizophrenics. We discuss his reaction to Callahan and Saccuzzo in the context of four major issues. We conclude that the evidence for thought disorder in the families of schizophrenics is weak and inconclusive. We call for more rigorous research as well as the exploration of viable alternatives.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 74-year-old woman with essential hypertension underwent a course of electro convulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of psychotic depression. Her treatments were associated with delayed and significant hypertension. Clonidine, which controlled her baseline blood pressure, was inadequate in treating her post-ECT hypertension. Acute treatment with hydralazine also failed. Labetalol, a short-acting beta-blocking agent with some alpha-1 blocking activity, worked well both acutely (intravenously) and orally to manage essential and ECT-induced hypertension.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of myocardial infarction in the absence of risk factors, concurrent with neuroleptic malignant syndrome, is presented, suggesting the existence of a causal relation between the two. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms will be discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID