ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A visit to the People's Republic of China provided impressions of the use of psychiatric concepts and the organization of mental health services. The Chinese report of low rates of mental illness appears to reflect narrow definitions of disorder and somatic expressions of personal and social distress which are viewed by health personnel as physical conditions. Acute mental health services are provided at commune and county hospitals, and special psychiatric hospitals are maintained for more intractable patients. Chronically disturbed patients may receive long term care in sanatoriums associated with large industries or may be maintained in home beds in their production brigades assisted by family and barefoot doctors. Psychiatric practice in teaching hospitals is similar to psychiatric practice in the West, although little attention is devoted in general medical care to psychosocial problems. Questions for future visits and possible collaborative research are suggested.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Personality test data and patterns of life changes over a 3-year period were collected on 73 male medical students to determine the influence of these mediating variables on the occurrence of illness. The results showed that life change units tended to be stable over time within groups which had high and low scores and psychological attributes were significantly different in the two groups. It was found that the subjects who had sustained high life change in all 3 years (the Sustained Group) were associated with a significantly greater number of health changes of more serious kinds than the subjects who had high life change in year 1 but low life change in the subsequent 2 years (the Short Term Group) and that the Short Term Group had greater psychological strengths than the Sustained Group. These findings are congruent with the data from a slightly different analysis in which healthy subjects in the original High Life Change Group obtained lower scores in subsequent years while ill subjects maintained high scores and the healthy subjects showed greater psychological strengths than ill subjects. The data were interpreted to show evidence that psychological characteristics do influence the occurrence of illness and that health is more likely to be impaired by sustained stress than by a short term major crisis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two groups of adolescents seeking psychotherapy (N= 91 andN= 198) and a normative group (N= 112) provided 5-minute verbal behavior protocols which were content analyzed for social alienation-personal disorganization (SA-PD). The data supported the hypothesis that adolescents applying for help in 1974 to 1975 showed greater pathology than those seen in 1972 to 1973. The normative adolescents were significantly healthier than either of the two Adolescent Clinic groups. In the clinic samples, older adolescents were more disturbed than those in the younger ranges. The SA-PD scale is a useful addition to tools available for the assessment of emotional states of adolescents. The data support the idea that there appears to be an increasing severity in the problems presented by adolescents in very recent years.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Boys classified as nonhyperactive learning-disabled (LD), hyperactive but not LD, and as normal in behavior and achievement were contrasted on a visual search task hypothesized to elicit differences in selective and sustained attention. As task complexity increased, both clinical groups took more trials to reach criterion than the normals, but contrary to expectation, their error patterns were more similar than different. Using a highly similar task, Pribram found that monkeys with frontal lobe lesions did not condition to the reward contingency as well as temporarily lesioned monkeys, who had greater difficulty discovering the correct cue when more than six objects comprised the field. Both LD and hyperactive children who were inefficient at searching out the to-be rewarded cue tended not to condition as well to the reward contingency. Hyperactives gained insight into the features of the game somewhat quicker than LD subjects but did not use this information consistently. The hyperactive and LD groups complained equally of becoming tired but more of the hyperactives wanted to quit and gave evidence in latency data and extraneous responses that they ceased to play the game in a straightforward way. The hyperactives but not the other groups had a negative correlation between accuracy and search latency during the latter phase of the experiment. The hyperactives' lack of “tolerance for a problem” is theorized to account for their poor performance, whereas the LD children's poor performance reflects defects in selective as well as sustained attention.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The performance of 75 brain-damaged, learning-disabled, and normal children aged 9 to 14 years was compared on 13 neuropsychological test measures. Analysis of variance, supplemented byt-tests, indicated a significant difference beyond the .01 level on 11 measures and beyond the .05 level on one measure. A discriminant analysis based on weightings of the 13 measures yielded 80 per cent correct classification of subjects, a finding in agreement with the outcome of the multivariate analysis of variance. The results indicated that these psychological measures were individually sensitive to differences among the three categories of subjects and, as a group, were capable of classifying children at a level far exceeding chance. It would appear that neuropsychological variables (brain-sensitive tests) may account for much of the uniqueness in many children with learning disabilities.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a study designed to test for sex- and race-related bias in psychiatric diagnosis, the responses of 173 mental health professionals to four hypothetical patient profiles were analyzed. Minimal racial bias was observed. In some instances, therapists appeared more likely to make judgments biased against patients who were of the same race and sex as themselves. The results support the contention that hysterical and antisocial personality disorders are sex-biased diagnoses. The race of the therapist strongly influenced diagnosis. It is argued that this finding reflects resistance of nonwhite therapists to a majority-group-dominated diagnostic theory. Professional discipline rarely affected diagnosis with the exception that psychiatrists were more prone to diagnose psychosis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The case of a young man, suffering from schizophrenia, who injured his eyes with his hands and blinded himself, is described, along with his rehabilitation program. The classical and contemporary literature on self-inflicted blindness and self-inflicted eye injuries is reviewed and shows a wide range of psychiatric diagnoses and illustrates the inadequacy of attempting to apply oversimplified psychodynamic explanations.In contrast, the reaction to blindness appears to be relatively uniform, leading to the possibility of using established rehabilitation programs.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper describes a television reporter suffering from verbal dyscontrol. The patient was treated successfully in one session using cognitive restructuring and Jacobson's technique of progressive muscle relaxation. This resulted in a diminution of anticipatory anxiety and relaxation of his laryngeal muscles, thus allowing him to speak more effectively. A 10-year follow-up revealed no relapse or symptom substitution, but instead, a marked improvement in his announcing ability resulting in steady promotions and success in other areas of his life. The author has had the unique opportunity to observe him on television for a period of 10 years, both prior to and following treatment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID