摘要:

Defeated and Joyless scales were developed from a questionnaire given to 54 normal, 53 alcoholic, and 28 opiate addict subjects. The Defeated scale differentiates the alcoholics and addicts from normals but not from each other, whereas the Joyless scale differentiates addicts from both alcoholics and normals. When shown to 48 college students, a film about poverty increased the Joyless score, as well as other measures, but had little effect on the Defeated score. These scales appear to distinguish between self-concept (Defeated) and mood (Joyless) components ofhypophoria, an affective disorder hypothesized to be associated with drug abuse.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The clinical basis for the long established contraindication of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the presence of brain tumor is reviewed, as is the recent literature that has questioned the absolute nature of that contraindication. A need for a specific estimate of risk is noted. Seven retrospective case reports are added to the 28 cases reported in the literature. The clinical case report data are then pooled and evaluated by outcome. Results indicate a 74 per cent overall morbidity, including a 28 per cent 1-month mortality rate for patients with brain tumors who receive ECT. Twenty-one per cent of the patients had a positive behavioral response to ECT without complication.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reports the 16-month clinical course of 96 ambulatory patients who met the Research Diagnostic Criteria for nonbipolar, nonpsychotic, primary major depressive disorder. In the first 4 months, the patients participated in a clinical trial comparing the efficacy of short term interpersonal psychotherapy with amitriptyline alone and in combination as treatments of depression. Seventy-two of the patients were re-evaluated 12 months after they completed study treatment. Over the 16-month period, none of the patients developed episodes of mania, hypomania, schizophrenia, or any other disorder which would have necessitated reclassification of the initial diagnosis.For most patients, the course of depressive symptoms and social functioning was one of improvement both during the 4-month study treatment period and during the subsequent 12 months. However, despite 4 months of study treatment, 14 per cent of the patients had not experienced a symptomatic recovery. At the follow-up evaluation 12 months after the study, 12 per cent were still depressed and 14 per cent had, during the poststudy period, experienced a relapse from which they had recovered. Although 3 per cent of the patients had made suicide attempts during the poststudy period, there were no completed suicides.The majority of patients sought additional outpatient psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, or a combination of both treatments during the 12-month poststudy period, although the duration of any treatment they received was usually less than (i months. During this period also, 7 per cent of the patients were hospitalized.Evaluation of the treatment received by relapsers and chronically depressed patients revealed that most of the patients who relapsed during the poststudy period and sought treatment had recovered. The nine (13 per cent) patients who were depressed at the 12- month poststudy evaluation consisted of five (7 per cent) who had been inadequately treated during the poststudy period and four (6 per cent) treatment-resistant depressives who remained symptomatic despite adequate treatment.The findings suggest a) the stability of the Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis of nonbipolar primary major depression; and b) the need for the continuing availability and accessibility of follow-up psychiatric care for patients who have received brief outpatient interventions as treatment for a major depressive episode.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 5- to 8-year follow-up of first admissions to a local psychiatric service enabled the comparison of patients with and without symptoms for the presence of current problem areas. Whereas first admission was associated with a temporary high level of reports of problems, the 6-month and 5- to 8-year levels were stable. Relative risk of onset following an event compared with spontaneous onset was likewise stable for the different diagnoses, significant only for depressive states and not for schizophrenia or neurosis, despite higher overall reporting of problems in the latter. The type of depression emerging after problems was similar to that occurring spontaneously.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is recent evidence to suggest that Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Verbal Scale IQ is more commonly and significantly impaired than Performance Scale IQ in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This has been interpreted as the effect of some physical parameter of the disease upon central nervous system functioning. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether this verbal deficit was due to a verbal expression disability only or to a more comprehensive language problem involving a verbal expression as well as a verbal mediation deficit. Seven males with a 12-point discrepancy between WISC verbal and Performance Scale IQs were administered the Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude (HNTLA), a nonverbal test of cognitive ability designed for use with the deaf and the hearing impaired, but with norms available for hearing children. In each of the seven cases, the HNTLA deviation quotient(comparable to IQ) corresponded more closely to the higher WISC Performance IQ, suggesting a verbal expression deficit but with most aspects of verbal mediation skills intact. Analysis of subtest scores on the WISC verbal and Performance Scales and the HNTLA found a consistent pattern, with higher scores on those subtests requiring abstract reasoning and categorization ability and lower scores on those subtests requiring memory for patterns, numbers, and verbal labels. This further suggests a deficit in memory function, which is a component of verbal mediation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twelve per cent of suicides in Missouri during a 3-year period were identified as having been patients of the state mental health care system by computer matching of death certificate tapes and a statewide case registry file. The percentage of Missouri suicides who had been patients varied markedly among age groups. Compared to nonpatient suicides, the patient suicides had a more equal male/female ratio and were younger. Diagnostically, schizophrenia, alcoholism (among males), and affective disorder (among females) were prominent. Nonwhites had a low incidence of suicide. The significance of the patient status at the time of death is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

On the basis of a selected review of some important theoretical discussions and empirical investigations of patients characterized as borderline, a self-report questionnaire, the Borderline Syndrome Index (BSI), was constructed. Its purpose was to provide an assessment of the borderline syndrome that would increase the amount of information rapidly available to the clinician. The items reflect criteria cited in the literature as important characteristics of borderline patients and also incorporate the criteria for the borderline personality organization as listed in the DSM-III draft. The BSI was completed by 50 normal individuals, 36 nonpsychotic depressed outpatients, 35 patients diagnosed as borderline, and 20 inpatients diagnosed as schizophrenic. The internal consistency of the 52-item BSI was .92. It significantly discriminated the borderline patients from the normal individuals, from the depressed outpatients, and from the schizophrenic inpatients, thereby providing a measure of discriminative validity. An item analysis indicated that the most discriminating items were concerned with impaired object relations, impulsivity, emptiness and depression, depersonalization, and lack of self-identity. Cross-validation of the BSI was carried out on independent samples of borderline and nonborderline patients, and it was found to discriminate significantly between the two. Preliminary percentile norms are presented in order to provide clinicians with additional information to assist them in their diagnostic assessments.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ten woman subjects exhibited no evidence of waking mood change or differential dream recall as a function of their menstrual cycles. These findings indicate that, with the use of simple screening procedures, women as well as men can and should be used as subjects in research on sleep and dreams.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three patients with low grade tardive dyskinesia developed an acute episode of abnormal involuntary movements after a single injection of fluphenazine decanoate. All three patients had their symptoms relieved after treatment with antiparkinsonian medication. The differential diagnosis of these movements is discussed, and a possible animal model for this phenomenon is described.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This case report describes a chronically psychotic man presenting signs of a movement disorder exacerbated by neuroleptic treatment and repeatedly diagnosed as tardive dyskinesia. However, this movement disorder differed from classical tardive dyskinesia both in the nature of specific symptoms and in their relationship to neuroleptic treatment. Closer examination revealed evidence of neurological disorder preceding the earliest neuroleptic treatment. Although the nature of this disorder remains unclear, serious doubt exists whether it properly deserved a diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia, which opened the way for medicolegal dispute. The numerous ramifications of tardive dyskinesia speak for restrictive use of this diagnosis and for clear diagnostic criteria.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID