ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using a nonclinical and noneminent population, this study demonstrates an overlap in creative and schizotypal traits in the areas of perceptual functioning, behavioral and personality styles, and interests. No such overlap is observed in the area of divergent thinking. A battery containing five creativity measures was administered to a group of college student subjects scoring high on either the Perceptual Aberration Scale or the Magical Ideation Scale (N=52) and to a group of control subjects (N=65). A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that subjects high on the schizotypal traits of Perceptual Aberration or Magical Ideation (Per-Mag subjects) differed significantly from control subjects on the five creativity tests. Per-Mag subjects scored significantly higher than control subjects on the Barron-Welsh Revised Art Scale, a measure of preferences for figures, and the How Do You Think, a biographical and personality measure. There was a tendency for female Per- Mag subjects to score higher than female control subjects on the Domino Creativity Scale of the Adjective Check List. Per-Mag and control subjects did not differ on the Gough Creative Personality Scale of the Adjective Check List or on the Alternate Uses test, a test of divergent thinking. Per-Mag subjects who scored above the median for their group and gender on the Impulsive Nonconformity Scale received the highest creativity scores on the Barron-Welsh Revised Art Scale and the How Do You Think, although these results only approached significance. These findings argue for the specificity of areas of similarity and difference in schizotypy and creativity.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The current study represents one of the first psychological investigations that attempts to describe the untreated course of late onset characterological dysthymia. Of 34 dysthymic subjects who were studied for 9 months, six women remitted (18%). Twenty-eight subjects (82%) remained unchanged. Among the nonremitters, we found stable patterns of functioning in the cognitive, coping, personality, interpersonal, and environmental spheres. The destructive nature of these refractory patterns appeared to predispose the individual to a depressionogenic lifestyle. These unchanging features were not found among the remitters. The small size of the remitting group makes our speculations tentative but we did find consistent changes over time across measures of functioning. While the symptom-affective features of the nonremitters remained at clinically significant levels throughout, the depressive symptom levels of the six remitters decreased to nonsignificant clinical levels during the last half of the study. It was noted that, based on these preliminary data, DSM-III-R may be “underdescriptive” in regard to relevant symptom features of characterological dysthymia.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A retrospective analysis of the clinical records of 149 inpatient suicide subjects and the same number of control subjects representative of the entire admitted clinical population was carried out using a larger set of demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables. The results of the univariate analysis of the data indicated a serious and incapacitating course of the mental illness in the suicide group. The multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis yielded a set of five variables including sex, Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis, previous and recent suicidal behavior, and social exits that discriminated best between both groups. These findings have to be taken into consideration when estimating the suicidal risk. The assessment of the suicidal danger, however, remains an individualized procedure.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Bedside cognitive screening tests have been suggested as a way to quickly determine the likelihood of a patient's having an organic mental disorder (OMD). The Mini-Mental State (MMS) examination and a number of separate bedside neurobehavioral tests were administered to 206 patients who were consecutively admitted to the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital. Both examinations were completed by 150 subjects. Of the sample, 7% had an OMD diagnosis. The most frequent neurological causes of OMD were probable Alzheimer's and closed head trauma. The predictive value positive, predictive value negative, specificity, and sensitivity of the MMS were examined for a number of different cutoff scores. The maximum sensitivity was 75% with a cutoff score of 30. The maximum specificity was 100% with a cutoff of 12. However, only two OMD patients had scores less than 12. There was no cutoff that resulted in a clinically useful screening test. A stepwise multiple logistic regression model using the separately administered bedside tests as independent variables and OMD as the dependent variable resulted in two significant predictors of an OMD diagnosis: the alternating sequence test and a reading test. This model was not appreciably better than the MMS in predicting an OMD diagnosis. A number of problems make the development of a clinically useful cognitive screening test for OMD in inpatients unlikely. These include poor cooperation of the patients, the rarity of OMD in psychiatric inpatients, the heterogeneity of OMD etiologies, and the confounding neuropsychological deficits of a number of common psychiatric disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To explore whether lithium exacerbates neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), the authors prospectively rated 10 patients on neuroleptics before and after the addition of lithium. EPS ratings increased steadily after the initiation of lithium and were significantly elevated compared with baseline. Individual items that increased significantly were: gait, shoulder shaking, elbow rigidity, and tremor. These findings indicate that usual therapeutic levels of lithium may significantly worsen neuroleptic-induced EPS. Potential mechanisms for this interaction are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred consecutive patients complaining of hemifacial numbness were tested for two features commonly thought to indicate psychogenic sensory loss: a) exact splitting of the midline to pinprick, and b) diminished vibratory sensation on the affected forehead. Twenty patients had purely psychogenic complaints, while 80 had organic lesions. Sensory loss split the midline in four patients (20%) with psychogenic complaints but also in six patients (7.5%) with structural lesions (p=NS). Vibration was diminished in 19 patients (95%) with psychiatric disease but also in 69 patients (86%) with organic lesions (p=NS). Contrary to popular beliefs, these “nonphysiologic” findings do not distinguish psychogenic from organic sensory loss.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case history of obsessive-compulsive disorder occurring in a 32-year-old woman after benzodiazepine withdrawal is presented. The possible biochemical and neuropsychological mechanisms involved in the etiology and maintenance of this condition are reviewed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Approximate answers (vorbeireden) are considered pathognomonic of the Ganser syndrome. Controversy has always surrounded the nosological status of this syndrome. Its recent inclusion in the DSM-III-R as a dissociative disorder is supported by this case report. The association of approximate answers, psychogenic amnesia, and dysprosody is reported here for the first time.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID