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1. |
DIFFERENT WAYS OF BEING AWARE OF A PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITY: A MULTIFUNCTIONAL NARRATIVE APPROACH TO INSIGHT INTO MENTAL DISORDER |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 417-424
DAVID ROE,
SHLOMO KRAVETZ,
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摘要:
Many people with a psychiatric disability appear to exhibit varying degrees of lack of awareness of the mental disorder that is implied by their diagnosis. Furthermore, there is considerable controversy regarding the significance of being aware of and acknowledging a psychiatric disorder. Different responses to the issues underlying this controversy can be found in the professional and research literature. This article describes and compares some of these responses. On the basis of this description and comparison, a multifunctional narrative approach to insight into mental disorder is developed, and implications of this approach for psychiatric rehabilitation research and for psychiatric rehabilitation intervention are explored.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
PARANOIA IN A NONCLINICAL POPULATION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 425-430
LYN ELLETT,
BARBARA LOPES,
PAUL CHADWICK,
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摘要:
The present study examined the incidence of paranoid ideation in a nonclinical population. A sample of 324 college students completed a questionnaire assessing their personal experiences of paranoia, with an emphasis on the cognitive, behavioral, and affective components of their experience. They also completed a general measure of paranoia in nonclinical samples, the Fenigstein and Vanable Paranoia Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. A total of 153 participants reported an experience of paranoia, which included a clear statement of planned intention to harm. This group scored significantly higher on the Paranoia Scale than those who reported no experience of paranoia. Furthermore, greater levels of paranoid ideation were associated with lower self-esteem. The present findings suggest that paranoia is a common human experience, and are consistent with the idea of continuity between normal and abnormal experience.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
BELIEF IN EXPOSURE TO TERRORIST AGENTS: REPORTED EXPOSURE TO NERVE OR MUSTARD GAS BY GULF WAR VETERANS |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 431-436
JOHN STUART,
ROBERT URSANO,
CAROL FULLERTON,
ANN NORWOOD,
KELLY MURRAY,
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摘要:
September 11 brought increased awareness that even the threat of chemical and biological terrorism can overwhelm this country’s health care system. Belief in exposure to toxic agents, even when none is documented, is not uncommon in crisis and merits vigilant health care evaluation and services. This study examined risk factors (demographics, physical symptoms, clinical diagnosis, exposures, and health status) for belief in exposure to potential terrorist agents (nerve or mustard gas) using a large sample of Gulf War veterans who reported belief in exposure to nerve or mustard gas. We found that females, nonwhites, and those who were older (age 32 to 61 years) were more likely to report exposure. When adjusting for demographics and military service, these veterans reported more exposures (nonnerve or mustard gas) to potentially toxic agents and traumatic events (odds ratio [OR], 6.80;p< .001), reported more physical symptoms during the Gulf War (OR, 2.38;p< .001), were more likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder (OR, 1.72;p< .001), and reported poorer current health status (OR, 3.47 to 1.22;p< .001). Not unlike previously reported studies of disasters, traumatic exposures, or risk exposures, belief in exposure to toxic agents suggests that certain people are at a greater health care risk. This knowledge will aid in better responding to rapid demands that may be placed on our health care delivery systems in times of potential terrorist activity.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
EATING DISORDERS AND SUICIDE RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS: AN IRTALIAN COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 437-443
PAOLA MIOTTO,
MONICA DE COPPI,
MICHELA FREZZA,
ANTONIO PRETI,
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摘要:
In a mixed male-female sample of 1000 adolescents age 15 to 19 years in a northeastern area of Italy, we investigated the links between eating disorders and suicidal tendencies by means of self-compiled measures, including the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE), the Body Attitudes Test (BAT), and the SCL-90-R. More females than males reported abnormal eating patterns suggesting eating disorders: we found that 100 females (15.8%) and 8 males (2.8%) achieved scores above the suggested cutoff on EAT (cutoff = 30), 26 females (4.1%) and 1 male (.3%) achieved scores above the suggested cutoff on BITE (cutoff = 20), and 287 females (45.5%) and 24 males (8.6%) achieved scores above the suggested cutoff on BAT (cutoff = 36). More females than males also reported symptoms of hopelessness (44.3%vs. 30.5%) and suicidal ideation (30.8%vs. 25.3%). Both males and females reporting suicidal ideation achieved significantly higher scores on the eating disorders inventories, with no independent contribution by age, socioeconomic status, or body mass index. Although caution is required when drawing conclusions from self-reported measures, studies on mood disorders and suicidality in youth clearly need to include measures of eating disorders.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
HOPELESSNESS AND SUICIDAL IDEATION IN OUTPATIENTS WITH TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION: PREVALENCE AND IMPACT ON TREATMENT OUTCOME |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 444-449
GEORGE PAPAKOSTAS,
TIMOTHY PETERSEN,
JOEL PAVA,
ELLA MASSON,
JOHN WORTHINGTON,
JONATHAN ALPERT,
MAURIZIO FAVA,
ANDREW NIERENBERG,
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摘要:
Depression and hopelessness are risk factors for suicide. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of suicidal ideation and hopelessness in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and to study the impact of suicidal ideation and hopelessness on treatment with nortriptyline (NT). The degree of suicidal ideation and hopelessness was assessed during the screen visit with the use of items #3 and #30 of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) in 89 patients with TRD who entered a 6-week open trial of NT. Forty of these patients also completed the Beck Hopelessness Index (BHI) during the screen visit. In separate logistic regressions, the scores from the BHI and the two HAM-D items were then tested as predictors of clinical response to the 6-week trial with NT, controlling for the severity of depression. More than half of patients reported thoughts or wishes of death to self and significant hopelessness. A greater degree of hopelessness before treatment in completers, reflected by the score on the HAM-D item #30, predicted response to NT. More than half of patients with prominent hopelessness who completed the trial responded. Patients with TRD are more likely than not to report prominent suicidal ideation and hopelessness. Furthermore, a full 6-week trial of NT, a relatively noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant, may be particularly useful in patients who have failed to respond to several antidepressants and also report significant hopelessness.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
STUDYING CHINESE SUICIDE WITH PROXY-BASED DATA: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE METHODOLOGY AND INSTRUMENTS IN CHINA |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 450-457
JIE ZHANG,
YEATES CONWELL,
WILLIAM WIECZOREK,
CHAO JIANG,
SHUHUA JIA,
LI ZHOU,
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摘要:
This study examined the reliability and validity of the instruments as used in the psychological autopsy method in China. With data from 130 informants on 66 completed suicides and 130 informants on 66 normal community controls and 66 controls themselves, the validity was examined by comparing the responses of informants and the responses (gold standards) of the target participants in the control group. All the tested instruments were shown to be reliable, and proxy respondents were generally good judges of targets’ suicidal intention, social support, depression, life events, personality traits, and mental disorders. Additionally, interrater reliabilities of the five interviewers were very good on selected scales. This study has laid a partial foundation for future psychological autopsy projects to be held in Chinese culture.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
CLINICAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER-DIAGNOSED AUSTRALIAN AND UNITED STATES VIETNAM COMBAT VETERANS: AN MMPI-2 COMPARISON |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 458-464
JON ELHAI,
DAVID FORBES,
MARK CREAMER,
TONY MCHUGH,
B. FRUEH,
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摘要:
The authors compared MMPI-2 scores of 95 Australian and 96 US Vietnam combat veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from structured PTSD clinical interviews. Groups were strikingly similar on the MMPI-2 clinical and validity scales but were different on two content scales, with higher scores on FRS (fears) and BIZ (bizarre mentation) for the US sample. Employment status was included as a factor, because it too discriminated groups, but it did not interact with the veteran group variable to produce scale differences. The roles of employment status and disability payments are considered in accounting for differences in the psychiatric presentations of the groups. Results suggest that American and Australian Vietnam combat PTSD samples are very similar to each other, with implications for the treatment outcome literature.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
HIGH PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY IN SPASMODIC TORTICOLLIS: A CONTROLLED STUDY |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 465-473
HARALD GÜNDEL,
ANJA WOLF,
VASSILIKI XIDARA,
RAYMONDE BUSCH,
KARL-HEINZ LADWIG,
FRANK JACOBI,
MICHAEL VON RAD,
ANDRES CEBALLOS-BAUMANN,
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摘要:
Disturbed body image and negative self-referent cognitions caused by the postural disfigurement of the head are regarded as the main reason for elevated depression scores in spasmodic torticollis (ST), but this factor was never controlled for. We therefore compared 48 patients with ST and 48 patients with alopecia areata (AA) who were matched for age, sex, and body image dissatisfaction. Psychiatric diagnoses were based on a structured psychiatric interview (SCID-I). Results of patients with ST and AA were compared with a matched sample of the representative German population. Odds ratios to develop psychiatric comorbidity for patients with ST compared with patients with AA were significantly increased throughout nearly all assessed DSM-IV categories. Logistic regression analysis showed that (1) depressive coping and (2) belonging to the group of patients with ST correlated with a significantly higher rate of current psychiatric diagnosis. We conclude that high psychiatric comorbidity in ST is unlikely to be a mere consequence of chronic disease and disfigurement.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
SCREENING FOR POSTSTROKE DEPRESSION IN A HONG KONG REHABILITATION HOSPITAL: IMPACT OF DIFFERENT RATERS |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 474-476
Wai Tang,
Gabor Ungvari,
Helen Chiu,
Kai-hoi Sze,
Amy Chan,
Teresa Leung,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG USE AND EXPENDITURES AMONG MEDICAID BENEFICIARIES WITH AND WITHOUT OTHER MENTAL HEALTH OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE SERVICES |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 191,
Issue 7,
2003,
Page 476-478
Kevin Hennessy,
Sharon Green-Hennessy,
Jeffrey Buck,
Kay Miller,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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