摘要:

A naturalistic study with no predetermined duration of treatment was undertaken in order to examine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in the treatment of panic disorder. Seventeen patients diagnosed as having panic disorder according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders received a mean of 18 individual cognitive therapy sessions. Patients with personality disorder or depression required a longer duration of treatment to become symptom-free. As measured by a self-report weekly panic log, the mean number of panic attacks was reduced significantly to zero at the end of treatment. There was a concomitant reduction in self-report measures of depression and anxiety. Further, there was a significant reduction on a measure of cognitive dysfunction during panic attacks. Treatment results were maintained at 12-month follow-up.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty schizotypal college students, identified by the MMPI-168, were compared with 127 institutionalized or postinstitutional psychiatric patients with chronic schizophrenia, 140 normal control subjects, and 19 students with nonschizotypal MMPI elevations. The comparison measures were indices of cognition derived from COGLAB, a multiparadigmatic cognitive test battery. COGLAB includes measures of preattentional, attentional, conceptual, and psychomotor performance. As expected, the patients were deficient on all but one of the measures. The nonschizotypic elevation group was not different from the normal control group. Schizotypal subjects were found to have deficits in three areas of information processing: preattentional processing, response biasing, and concept attainment and manipulation. However, their performance was just as good as and less variable than that of normal subjects on psychomotor and attentional tasks. The results do not support the hypothesis that schizotypy is characterized by pervasive cognitive deficits which are simply less severe than those of other psychiatric groups. Rather, there are discrete deficits in specific areas and possibly compensatory abnormalities associated with primary deficits. The results are further discussed with regard to the hypothesis that schizotypy shares a common neurophysiological and/or developmental substrate with more severe psychiatric disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Romney and Saccuzzo et al. (J Nerv Ment Dis 176:364-367; 368-371, 1988) disagreed concerning the need for further studies investigating the presence of thought disorder and associative cognitive dysfunction in relatives of schizophrenics. Saccuzzo et al. were concerned at the variations in the results of previous studies. Methodological issues relevant to such variation are discussed. It is pointed out that the study (McConaghy J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 22:243-246, 1959) initiating psychometric investigation of cognitive processes of relatives of schizophrenics was based on the belief that what was familially transmitted was not thought disorder, but a nonpathological looseness of associations, shown also by a percentage of normal subjects. This looseness was later termed allusive thinking. It was considered that allusive thinking acted as an inherited predisposition to schizophrenia. It required the addition of impairment of abstract thinking to constitute the racteristic thought disorder originally described by Bleuler. To account for the significant degree of thought disorder found in 6% to 12% of normal subjects, some researchers now accept that thought disorder exists in normal subjects on a continuum with schizophrenic thought disorder. It is suggested that replication of a later study demonstrating familial transmission of allusive thinking in university students and their parents could aid in clarifying the significance of the findings of increased incidence of looseness of associations in the families of schizophrenics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Stroop Word-Color Test was used to study selective attention deficits in schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic psychiatric patients, compared with nonpsychiatric control subjects. Parts of the Weschler Memory Test and a shortened version of the Stroop Test were administered to test the hypotheses that the attentional deficit could be explained by problems of memory or cognitive fatigue. All patients showed deficits on all of the Stroop scales, but closer analysis of the results permitted discrimination of schizophrenic from nonschizophrenic patients. Schizophrenic patients showed as much difficulty as nonschizophrenic subjects on a limited-duration selective-attention task, but deteriorated significantly more when selective attention had to be maintained. The results could not be attributed to memory problems in the schizophrenic group. The results support the existence of two separable selective attention deficits in schizophrenic patients: a difficulty in selectively attending to the salient aspect of a complex stimulus, a difficulty shared with nonschizophrenic subjects, and a difficulty in maintaining selective attention over time that seems to be more marked in schizophrenic subjects.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-eight patients meeting the criteria for DSM-III avoidant personality disorder were randomly assigned to two treatment groups consisting each of five sessions of social skills training plus homework and five sessions of group discussion plus homework administered in different order in accordance with a latin-square (crossover) design. Twenty-one subjects completed the study. No significant differences between the treatment groups or treatment modalities (i.e., social skills training and group discussion combined with homework each) were found. Significant improvements in time on most measures were found when data from both groups were amalgamated.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several studies have shown that disturbances of personality are poor predictors of response to antidepressants. None of these studies, however, has used personality measures similar to the DSM-III. We evaluated the relationship between antidepressant response and personality scores obtained on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, which provides personality measures congruent with DSM-III. Personality features such as assertiveness, independence, and competitiveness distinguished responders from nonresponders. However, the frequency of personality disorder diagnoses did not differ between responders and nonresponders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-seven patients with myotonic dystrophy (MD) and 20 control subjects were tested using neuropsychological and electrophysiological measures. MD patients reported significantly lower scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination. P3 amplitude of auditory event-related potentials was significantly reduced in 14 patients. P3 latency was normal. In 13 patients, P3 was not elicited. Our results clearly show the presence of a significant impairment of cognitive functioning, as assessed by psychometric measures, in more than 50% of MD patients. Discriminant function correctly classified 92% of patients, using event-related potentials and neuropsychological variables.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Some patients diagnosed as schizophrenic report persistent polymodal hallucinosis following a period of extensive hallucinogenic drug abuse unrelieved by the usual antipsychotic drugs. In this open study, carbamazepine (Tegretol, an anticonvulsant) was administered to three patients with polymodal hallucinosis which had failed to diminish on antipsychotic drugs alone. All three patients showed a marked to complete reduction in symptomatology.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID