摘要:

Eleven ways in which people might react to life stress were studied in a sample of 576 Edinburgh women. For each item the subjects were asked whether they had reacted that way in general in the past 6 months and whether they had reacted in that way in response to any specific life stresses they had experienced.Being angry with oneself, being angry with others, rumination, use of alcohol, and use of tobacco all discriminated between those who were well and those who were psychiatrically ill at first interview and these items were formed into a 6-point scale of maladaptive reaction, based largely on specific response. The researchers conducted a follow-up analysis of 306 womenwho were wellat first interview, 35 of whom suffered a psychiatric illness episode (23 depression, 12 anxiety) within the subsequent year. Maladaptive reaction at interview one predicted later illness inception, even after taking life stress into account. Several extraneous variables were considered, none of which could explain this effect. Maladaptive reaction seemed sometimes to lead to illness even when there was only minimal later life stress. Attempts to find coping reactions which afford protection against illness inception were unsuccessful.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A constellation of theoretically relevant pretherapy patient variables—object relations, psychological mindedness, hope for success, psychic pain, and intrapsychic flexibility—were used to predict patient therapeutic alliance readiness during the initial psychoanalytic psychotherapy interview. Therapeutic alliance readiness was viewed as a dual concept, assessed by psychological freedom, a variable measuring patient expressiveness, and quality of alliance, a variable measuring patient collaborativeness. A significant amount of the variance (approximately 40%) in the combined dependent alliance readiness variables was predicted from the pretherapy constellation of variables. As anticipated by psychoanalytic theory and related psychotherapy research, quality of object relations accounted for the greatest part of the variance (about 30%) in both the expressive and collaborative dimensions of psychoanalytic alliance readiness behavior. These findings are discussed in terms of predictor variables specific to alliance behavior, and eventually to outcome, as anticipated by the theory within any particular form of psychotherapy. A model for future psychotherapy research, based on a prediction-type equation approach, is presented.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-one psychiatric outpatients were treated with short-term, psychoanalytically oriented, individual psychotherapy. Outcome ratings were provided by the patient, the therapist, and an independent assessor. Process ratings were provided by the patient and the therapist at the end of therapy. From a series of multiple regression analyses two pretherapy predictor scores (defensive style of the patient, object choice of the patient) emerged as good predictors of several of the process and outcome ratings. The two predictor scores were statistically independent of one another and were not significantly related to initial severity of disturbance. Attention to these two concepts in future research and in clinical assessment of patients for short-term individual psychotherapy is recommended.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A survey of eating disorders in female medical students showed that 15% had a lifetime history of bulimia or anorexia nervosa. On the work, social/leisure, and overall subscales of the Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report, those medical students who had current or previous eating disorders reported greater social maladjustment then medical students who did not have eating disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors investigated various aspects of the international use of and experience with DSM-III through a consultation by mail sponsored by the World Psychiatric Association. The respondents were 175 expert diagnosticians nominated as such by the national psychiatric associations of 52 countries spanning all continents. The United States diagnostic system was used by 72% of the participants, only slightly less than the internationally official International Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, ninth revision (ICD-9) (77%). Furthermore, DSM-III was perceived to be considerably more useful than the current international classification manual. The leading difficulties encountered with DSM-III involved problematic boundaries or definitions of diagnostic categories and the lack of suitable categories in some cases. The most frequent recommendations offered for the advancement of diagnostic systems included the improvement of patient evaluation procedures, the greater use and refinement of multiaxial diagnosis, and the empirical validation of diagnostic systems.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eleven patients who met DSM-III criteria for panic disorder were treated with behavior therapy techniques. Seven patients had mixed phobic avoidance and none were agoraphobic; three had no phobic symptoms. Mean duration of symptoms was 3.4 years. Treatment lasted a mean of 14 weeks and consisted of 1) education about physiology and management of panic symptoms; 2) relaxation, abdominal breathing, and cognitive anxiety management skills; and 3) imaginal and in vivo exposure. Upon termination of treatment, 10 of 11 patients were panic-free and six of seven mixed phobics showed complete remission or significant improvement of phobias. Follow-up data revealed excellent stability of remission. Clinical implications for the use of behavior therapy for panic disorder and directions for future research are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A woman whose condition was diagnosed as agoraphobia with panic attacks participated in an all-night polysomnographic study. During the night she experienced a panic attack that was phenomenologically similar to her daytime attacks. The attack occurred suddenly, arising from stage 3–4 (delta) sleep. There was no disruption of sleep architecture immediately before awakening. The occurrence of this panic attack during sleep is discussed in the context of other nighttime sleep disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID