摘要:

An out-of-the-body (OOB) experience is an altered state of consciousness in which the subject claims that he leaves his body, that he sees it and its usual environment from a vantage point apart from it, and that he journeys to distant places before being reunited with his physical self. A classical example is the ecstatic flight of the shaman. A representative sample of OOB experiences, ranging from frankly pathological cases of depersonalization and derealization in delirious, neurotic, and organic cases to two clinically normal subjects, is reviewed. They suggest that OOB experiences derive from the age-old quest for immortality and the need to deny or defy death. At the same time they may occasionally serve as vehicles for so-called psi phenomena. Some of the parapsychological implications of the OOB experience are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Earlier studies demonstrated that psychoneurotic patients aroused and confused by ether inhalation showed significantly greater responses to persuasive communications than patients in a state of low arousal.The present study explored: a) the effect of arousal without confusion on patients' suggestibility; and b) the role of attribution of the source of arousal on the acceptance of the communication. Forty-two patients were divided into three groups. An adrenalin inhalant served as the arousing substance. Two groups received as part of their therapy three adrenalin arousal sessions during which a persuasive communication was given. One group was informed,i.e., knew that they were receiving an arousing inhalant; the second group did not know that the inhalant was arousing; the third group served as a control group and received a pharmacologically inert inhalant.Short term attitude change, measured on Osgood's semantic differential, was identical in the informed and uninformed adrenalin group. Thus, not knowing the source of arousal did not heighten patient's readiness to accept an apparently clarifying explanation and therefore did not increase his suggestibility. However, the combined adrenalin groups showed a regular response pattern to the intervention significantly more frequently than the control group. They also showed significantly more directional attitude change in the second experimental session than the control group. Although one has to conclude that adrenalin arousal had some effect on patients' suggestibility, the ratings of therapist performance and patient response suggest rather complex interactions. At the end of the study the adrenalin patients, but not the control group, exhibited increased cardiac lability to focal topics which had been discussed under adrenalin arousal in previous sessions. This finding suggests that some form of association may have occurred between the focal topic and the emotional response.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated the hypothesis that A therapists are more persuasive than B therapists. Fifteen male and six female therapists each tape recorded three therapy sessions with one of their neurotic outpatients, and three sessions with one of their schizoid or schizophrenic outpatients. Therapists, patients, and an independent rater rated: a) patients' acceptance of therapists' “messages” to them; b) therapists' embodiment of four correlates of persuasiveness; and c) therapists' general persuasiveness. Analyses of variance showed significant A > B differences on two measurements: message acceptance rated by rater, and total-of-four correlates rated by therapist; the seven other analyses showed non significant A > B differences. Results were interpreted as essentially null or at best mildly supportive of the hypothesis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that fluctuations in progesterone levels can account for the psychophysiological changes occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In order to avoid the confounding of endogenous and exogenously administered progesterone as might occur in women, we gave progesterone to normal men and studied the time course of its effects under controlled conditions.Progesterone (10 mg/day) was administered daily to six men during either the second or third week (double blind) of a 4− to 4$$-week period. On 4 days per week a 20− to 25-minute testing procedure was carried out in which skin conductance (SC), heart rate (HR), and respiration were recorded continuously during rest, presentation of mild tones, and performance of time estimation and reaction time tasks. Body temperature was taken before arising in the morning and a mood scale was given daily. Results showed a significant rise in temperature and reaction time and decrease in HR variability during progesterone administration which returned to baseline soon after stopping drug intake. Significant decreases in SC level and increases in the “sluggishness” of spontaneous and elicited SC responses persisted for a week postdrug. Expected increases in base HR and respiration rate and changes in mood were not observed to a significant degree. The data only partially support the progesterone hypothesis of premenstrual tension and suggest that the role of estrogen or some other hormone may be important. It is suggested that differential recovery of different physiological symptoms may be related to the psychological symptoms following progesterone withdrawal.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The author examines five leading theories of drug dependence—a) the acquired drive theory; b) the avoidance paradigm theory; c) the metabolic disease theory; d) the conditioning theory; and e) the automedication theory—and finds them all lacking. He explores drug dependence within the context of “passive euphoria,” and suggests that persons who become drug dependent are those who are not able, for reasons of attitudes or other factors, to create euphoria in usual ways. He argues further that most drug programs err seriously by failing to help the drug-dependent person to find euphoric alternatives to drugs. Because of the ascetic orientation of most drug programs, they thus tend to undermine the very goal for which they strive.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ss without previous experience with marijuana smoked marijuana or placebo cigarettes in the presence of a model who exhibited marijuana- intoxicated behavior or did not. Marijuana naïveSs' self-ratings of intoxication were differentially affected by drugs and placebo, but were not affected by modeling. Performance on four of six cognitive measures was impaired by drug consumption. On one additional task, performance was impaired by modeling in conjunction with consumption of the active drug. In order to clarify the nature of the relationship between previous experience with marijuana and self-ratings of intoxication, a number of aposteriori analyses were carried out which compared performance, symptoms, and ratings of marijuana naïve and experiencedSs. The results indicate that previous experience is a socialization process through which individuals learn to discriminate and label the drug state as intoxication.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Biological and psychosocial features influence the outcome of haloperidol treatment of multiple tic syndrome. Responders to haloperidol who have a family history of tics may suffer from a genetic and metabolic disorder, whereas nonresponders, who are inclined to perinatal abnormalities and have a later onset of tics, have an acquired disorder. Behavioral disturbances and psychosocial adaptation may influence or be influenced by drug usage. The hypothesis of uric acid metabolic abnormality was not supported but dopaminergic and/or γ-hydroxybutyrate neural systems may be implicated.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID