摘要:

In this case control study, first admission schizophrenic patients were found to report more recent life events overall and more events categorized as undesirable, familial, relocation, and legal than controls. Interpretation of the observations should be ventured cautiously given the small difference schizophrenics and controls, the small number of subjects, the retrospective strategy, and the failure of events “independent of one's control” or events characterized as “threatening” to confirm the positive relationship of recent life events to the occurrence of illness.The present work is part of considerable recent research documenting a relationship between the amount and/or significance of recent life events and the occurrence of psychological symptomatology and major psychiatric syndromes. The overall difference between schizophrenics and normals in reporting events appears to be smaller in magnitude than the difference found between depressives and normals. Further, the significance of events for schizophrenics and for depressives is different. The number, type, severity, and pattern of recent life events reported by schizophrenics suggest a precipitating role of events rather than a formative one. These results are consistent with one other controlled study on schizophrenia and recent life experience.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous studies have helped to explicate the coping process prior to hospitalization by investigating the frequency and pattern of life events during this period. The present study extends the empirical applicability of the model to the period following hospitalization. Predictive validity for the model is provided by an investigation of posthospital community adjustment and rehospitalization. It was found that the resolutions of interpersonal conflicts during the period of hospitalization enhanced the ability to predict these outcome measures substantially when the conflict resolutions were added as predictors to patients' demographic and background characteristics, their hospital behavior, and their therapists' evaluations. Two case histories are presented to illustrate the applicability of the model for furthering the understanding of individual patients' lives.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Physiological measurements and mood ratings were recorded in 32 normal subjects at rest and under differing stressful conditions designed to induce anxiety. The physiological measurements were recorded simultaneously using a polygraph and on-line computer analysis; these comprised the peripheral measurements of pulse rate, skin conductance, spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance, respiratory rate, and finger tremor, and the central measurements of resting electroencephalogram and averaged evoked potentials to an auditory stimulus. Mood ratings were recorded using analogue rating scales, the 16 scores obtained being reduced to three mood factors. Correlations were calculated between the mood factors and each of the physiological measurements. The highest correlations were between the anxiety factor and the central measurements, particularly the proportion of electroencephalographic activity between 7.5 and 13.0 Hz, and the latencies of the secondary components of the evoked response. The peripheral measurements correlated rather less well with mood, but skin conductance and fluctuations in skin conductance, pulse rate, and tremor near the peak frequency of 9 Hz all correlated significantly with anxiety. Only two correlations were greater than 0.4, illustrating that no measure was a specific index of anxiety. Refinement of central rather than peripheral measurements is likely to lead to closer correlations with anxiety and other mood states.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present research involves the development and utilization of a method to evaluate the free speech of chronic schizophrenic patients to measure aspects of thought disorder. Using this technique, two samples (one chronically hospitalized, the other nonhospitalized) of 15 chronic schizophrenic subjects each were studied and compared.Severe types of looseness of association were not a prominent finding in the patients studied. On several of the other categories of speech patterns investigated, multiyear hospitalized chronic schizophrenics were found to have significantly higher scores than a sample of chronic schizophrenics living in the community. This included a measure of paucity of speech, of perseveration, of repetition, and a measure of overall deviant verbalizations. The chronic schizophrenic patients generally showed high degrees of perseveration and paucity of speech, variables which may be related to impoverished thinking.The significance of these results is analyzed and discussed, with several aspects of the data suggesting that the differences may be due to severity of illness.The phenomenological scoring system developed and utilized is found to be reliable and seems to represent a useful tool for the study of many aspects of the schizophrenic patient.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Suicide, aggressive acting out, and increased numbers of AWOL patients are distinct possibilities if internal structures of psychiatric inpatient units are altered—especially in units that offer intensive therapeutic experience on a short term basis to severely ill patients. One such time is when the directorship changes in this kind of unit.A successful unit is frequently thought to be the result of the charismatic leadership of its chief. With his departure, the unit loses itsélanand becomes an uninspired pedestrian operation. Hence, such a unit loses personnel and even its program when the chief changes.In this paper, the authors give data to support the hypothesis that a unit with a specific philosophical treatment orientation will continue to function at a relatively high level of effectiveness and efficiency regardless of the difference between chiefs.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The hypothesis was tested that following psychiatric hospitalization, those subjects who subsequently completed suicide would be distinguished from those who did not by theinteractionof two circumstances: a state of defenselessness at the time of hospitalization, and experience of adverse life events following release from hospital.Subjects were 40 male VA psychiatric inpatients: 20 who completed suicide following release, and 20 controls matched on age, race, and time at risk in the community.Defenselessness (the incapacity to defend against distressful negative self-feelings) was defined in terms of scores derived from the extended Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale administered shortly after the patient's hospitalization.Adverse life events were eight events characterized simultaneously as undesirable, unlikely to have been initiated by the subject, and having a score of 30 or above on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.In confirmation of the hypothesis, it was found that completed suicide subjects were significantly and appreciably more likelybothto have had high defenselessness scores at the time of hospitalizationandto have experienced adverse life events during the posthospitalization period, whereas neither circumstancein the absence of the otherwas predictive.The findings support the position that suicide is a response to experiences with self-threatening implications, in the face of personal incapacity to defend against, adapt to, or cope with such experiences.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 2-year, prospective follow-up of 72 hyperactive boys (94 per cent of the initial sample) examined classroom and home behavior, academic achievement, peer status, and depressive symptomatology for patients and a matched control group. Sixty-five per cent of the sample was still on medication at follow-up.The patient group continued to manifest behavioral and academic difficulty. Off-drug classroom behavior showed considerable stability from baseline to 2-year follow-up which did not appear to be significantly influenced by change of school or interim stimulant drug treatment. Academic difficulties, low peer status, and depressive symptoms exceeded that of the control group. Low peer status at 2 years was predicted for the patient group by baseline (but not current) classroom hyperactivity.The continued difficulties for this middle-class sample, in spite of faithful stimulant drug intake, ancillary educational and psychiatric support, are disappointing. However, as no untreated comparison group was available, the relative benefit of continued drug treatment could not be directly examined. Some indirect evidence, however, indicates that although drugs may continue to have a suppressant effect on impulsive and hyperactive behavior, peer status and academic achievement may not be improved. An “optimally medicated” group (86 per cent of responders from an initially randomly assigned group) had almost identical academic achievement and social acceptance as did a group of dropouts from drug treatment, or the sample as a whole.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of father-son incest is presented. There were three sexual involvements over a period of 6 weeks that ranged in activity from genital fondling to anal penetration. The father was the initiator of the activity and was drunk during each of the episodes. The son passively submitted while the mother denied the activity when told about it after the first episode. The marital situation had deteriorated over the years to an almost complete breakdown of communication. The father had been struggling with latent homosexuality for a long time, and the alcohol triggered the incidents. There was no evidence of any special relationship between father and son, except for the acting-out behavior and the challenging of parental authority by this particular son. Short term, behavior-oriented marital sessions helped to improve the situation at home.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Case histories are presented for four psychotic patients who ingested large quantities of water and subsequently developed grand mal seizures and serum sodium levels of less than 121 meq/liter. The physiology of psychogenic polydipsia and related disorders is reviewed. The relation of this disorder to temporal lobe seizures and to the use of phenothiazines is considered.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID