ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present study attempts to delineate the course of depressive illness in suicidal, depressed inpatients as compared with a matched group of nonsuicidal, depressed inpatients. Thirty adult nonpsychotic psychiatric inpatients presenting with symptoms of a major depressive episode participated in the present study. Two subject groups were identified, one suicidal and the other nonsuicidal according to their responses on the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Subjects were assessed on a variety of self-report measures and several clinical interviews during hospitalization and follow-ups at 4, 10 and 16 months after discharge. Results supported the hypothesis that, although displaying similar levels of depression during hospitalization as well as at long-term follow-up, the two groups differed in the speed of their recovery. Approximately 4 months after discharge virtually all of the nonsuicidal patients had recovered, whereas a majority of the suicidal group remained quite depressed. These results suggest that more time is needed for the recovery process to occur in suicidal patients. Future research in the area of depression and suicide should take into account the different courses seen in these two groups of subjects. Furthermore, those who treat suicidally depressed patients should be cautious of the slow recovery of these patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A field survey in French Canada confirmed the familiar finding that rural residents have lower rates of depression than metropolitan residents and showed that this difference remains even after allowing for sex, age, marital status, education, employment, and internal migration. However, no support was obtained for the hypothesis that the metropolitan sample was feeling less communally supported than the rural sample, and the rates in a small county center proved to be lower than in the rural area, not higher as would be predicted on the assumption that its life is urban. Finally, the rural-metropolitan differences proved to be concentrated in two minorities, the unemployed men and the unpartnered women, rather than spread widely. It is suggested for these reasons that the traditional urban-rural dichotomy may now be inappropriate for sociopsychiatric research.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study tracks the baseline clinical presentation and long-term course (average 15 years) of three patient groups defined largely by DSM-III from the Chestnut Lodge followup study: unipolar affective disorder (UNI,N= 22), borderline personality disorder (BPD,N= 55), and a comorbid cohort (UNI/BPD,N= 21). Comorbid BPD effects on UNI include earlier onset and absence of psychotic symptoms at baseline and more substance abuse and use of psychiatric treatment at follow-up. Comorbid UNI effects on BPD include better premorbid instrumental functioning, later onset at baseline, and a higher risk for suicide over the long term. Other noteworthy findings are a low rate of suicide (2%) among the noncomorbid BPD patients and a high rate of diagnostic instability (68%) among the noncomorbid UNI patients. Findings demonstrate a lack of syndromal stability within and among all three study groups and highlight the shortcomings of DSM-III for the investigation of comorbidity.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ability of the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) to discriminate major depressive disorder (MDD) from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was studied in 120 psychiatric outpatients and cross-validated with another 71 outpatients. Factor and discriminant analyses were used to develop revised anxiety and depression scales that were less positively correlated with each other, showed greater internal consistency, and differentiated MDD and GAD better than the original scales. The recombined scales also displayed higher rates of correctly assigning the samples to these disorders than did the orginal scales.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

After long-term treatment with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), the TCA blood levels of 41 depressed Southeast Asian patients were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. No detectable medicine level was found in 25 (61%) of the patients and a therapeutic level by American standards was found in only six (15%), indicating a high incidence of noncompliance. A Cambodian subgroup, howeyer, was significantly more compliant than either the Vietnamese or Mein patients. After patient education and a discussion of problems and benefits of medicine, compliance improved with Vietnamese and Cambodians but not with the Mien. Cultural and educational factors influence compliance with medicine and responsiveness to education. Because the Cambodians also suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder, it is probable that the presence of this illness increased compliance. Preliminary data among these patients indicate that Asians probably need the same dose of imipramine as Americans to achieve a “therapeutic” level. Reports that Asians need lower doses of TCA medicine are limited by the high noncompliance rates with Asians. These high rates probably reflect cultural beliefs about illness and medication usage. It is valuable to perform TCA blood levels on Asian patients for whom antidepressants have been prescribed to monitor compliance and to lead into a discussion of benefits and side effects of the medicine. Evidence of noncompliance can lead to a productive doctor-patient discussion about beliefs and effects of the medication.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The impact of wartime stress and other psychosocial and health variables on depressive illness in the 40 years since the Second World War is examined in this study of Australian male prisoners of the Japanese and other veterans. A random sample of 170 surviving members of the captured Eighth Division of the Australian Army residing in Sydney in 1983 (POWs) was compared with a similar sample of 172 veterans who fought in Southeast Asia during the war but were not imprisoned (non-POWs). Multiple regression analysis involving nine predictor variables revealed that self-reported nervous illness during the war and depressive illness since the war had pronounced independent effects on current depression as measured by the Zung Scale. Being married and better educated had significant protective effects against depression for the non-POWs while being employed and having higher socioeconomic status were protective for POWs. A clear linkage was shown from wartime nervous illness to postwar depressive illness to present-day depression.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An original questionnaire, the Foods and Moods Inventory (FMI) was used to investigate appetite for sweets and chocolate and its relationship to dysphoric mood. The FMI was administered to a group of subjects with an identified interest in chocolate (chocolate group,N= 73), a comparison sample (comparison group,N= 172), and a sample of former alcoholics (N= 22). Those who reported “self-medicating” with sweets or chocolate were more likely to have personality traits associated with hysteroid dysphoria, an atypical depressive syndrome. In addition, the tendency to eat compulsively, in general, and appetite for sweets and chocolate, in particular, were significantly greater among women.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eight nurses and four physicians involved in the care of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient and a matched, non-AIDS patient responded to three self-report measures that assessed the psychological distress associated with working with each patient. While working with the AIDS patient the physicians and nurses experienced increased anxiety, greater interference in nonwork activites, more frequent negative ruminations, and more negative perceptions regarding the AIDS patient's behavior than they did with the non-AIDS patient. Because of the fears and concerns engendered in medical personnel when providing care to AIDS patients, psychological and educational interventions are needed to reduce staff's discomfort and thereby facilitate optimal care of AIDS patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of normal pressure hydrocephalus presented as a secondary mania. The patient responded to neurosurgical intervention. Psychiatric aspects of diagnosis and management of normal pressure hydrocephalus are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID