ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Our purpose was to examine among HIV-infected patients a) characteristics associated with depressive symptoms at initial primary care presentation and b) factors associated with improvement in depressive symptoms. We interviewed HIV-infected patients at initial presentation and reassessed them 6 months later. At baseline and follow-up, we collected data on depressive symptoms (CES-D) and other characteristics. Using multiple linear regression, we examined associations between CES-D score and baseline variables. We used multiple logistic regression to examine factors associated with improvement in depressive symptoms. Seventy-one percent of the baseline sample (N= 203) scored above the threshold considered indicative of depression. At 6 months, 36% of the subjects who were followed improved in depressive symptoms. Higher baseline CES-D scores, improvements in HIV-related symptoms, and joining a support group were associated with improvement. Depressive symptoms in this urban HIV-infected population were highly prevalent. It is essential to screen, identify, and treat depression among patients entering care for HIV disease. Encouragement in joining support groups is a reasonable component of a strategy for addressing this common condition.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study determined which variables affect women's positive mood state during the menopausal transition using nine prospective annual assessments of a population based sample of 267 Australian mid-aged women. Longitudinal data analysis carried out by analysis of covariance on Summary Statistics found that positive mood scores remained stable over time and were not related to natural menopausal transition, age, or education. In the early phase of the menopausal transition, positive mood was adversely influenced by baseline interpersonal stress (p= .009) and negative attitudes to aging (p= .026). The most important predictor of positive mood at the phase of late peri-/postmenopause was positive mood in the premenopause (p= .000). Other factors affecting positive mood in the late peri-/postmenopause were changes in dysphoric symptoms (p= .000), major life events (p= .041), daily hassles (p= .014), marital status (p= .007), and work satisfaction (p= .001). Structural equation modelling found a goodness of fit index of .821.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper describes a model for the conceptualization of social skills necessary for the vocational success of people with schizophrenia. Based on this model, a two-part measure was developed and validated to assess social skills necessary for job search and tenure. The measure consists of a 10-item self-administered checklist and a role-play exercise. The self-administered checklist measures clients' perceived competence in handling work-related social situations. The role-play exercise assesses the social skills necessary for job acquisition and maintenance in two simulated situations (participating in a simulated job interview and requesting urgent leave from work). Furthermore, a social skills training module has been designed, which enhances vocational outcome and fills a gap in the existing, commonly used modules. A pilot study shows that the training module together with appropriate professional support afterward is effective in enhancing the social competence and vocational outcomes of persons with schizophrenia. Implications for cross-cultural applications are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Little is known about the risk and course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other forms of dysfunction, associated with combat trauma relative to other traumas. Modified versions of the DSM-III-R PTSD module from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to a representative national sample of 5877 persons 15-54 years old in the part 2 subsample of the National Comorbidity Survey. Of the weighted subsample, 1703 men reported a traumatic event. The risk of PTSD and other forms of dysfunction were compared for men who nominated combat as their worst trauma versus men nominating other traumas as worst, controlling for confounding influences. Men reporting combat as their worst trauma were more likely to have lifetime PTSD, delayed PTSD symptom onset, and unresolved PTSD symptoms, and to be unemployed, fired, divorced, and physically abusive to their spouses than men reporting other traumas as their worst experience.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ninety-six patients with severe TBI patients were assessed 6 months after hospital discharge with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interview, the Functional Assessment Measure (FAM), the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL). PTSD was diagnosed in 27% of patients. Patients with PTSD reported higher scores on the GHQ and BDI, and lower scores on the FAM, CIQ, OAS, and SWLS than those without PTSD. Effective rehabilitation after severe TBI may be enhanced by management of PTSD.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It has been suggested that a broad range of social factors influence disturbed eating attitudes, but there has been relatively little investigation of the role of peer influence. Drawing from social identity theory, this longitudinal study of a nonclinical group of women examined whether social proximity results in a convergence of eating psychopathology over time. Forty-one nonclinical women (living in 11 communal apartments) completed the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) at three time points (1 week after moving in, 10 weeks later, and a further 14 weeks later). The women's eating and related attitudes were compared across the three time points. Then divergence scores were calculated (showing the spread of EDI scores within each apartment) and compared across the three time points. The spread of scores within the apartments changed significantly, indicating some convergence in those attitudes that are socially valued (restrictive attitudes; body concerns) and divergence in those attitudes that are not socially valued (bulimia). There was also an increase in convergence of levels of perfectionism. The findings support the suggestion that social proximity promotes convergence of socially valued eating characteristics but divergence of socially stigmatised characteristics. Further research is suggested to establish the generalizability of these findings and to identify those who are most at risk of such social effects on eating disturbance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID