ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In spite of great national and international efforts and relative success in achieving technological and economic progress, the underlying situation in the Third World offers little cause for optimism. Some notable exceptions notwithstanding, in most countries poverty is increasing at an alarming rate, with its accompanying misery, poor health, and social unrest. Unequal distribution of material wealth, political instability, and the crumbling of traditional and cultural values are also increasingly prevalent. Critical assessment of the philosophy, goals, and methodology of development is an urgent requirement in many nations.Mental health endeavors in the Third World need similar reformulation of both immediate and long range objectives and methods, if ever-increasing mental health demands fostered by such rapid and sweeping changes are to be met. Four major models—the hospital-based model, the medical school-based model, the community-based model, and the voluntary organization model—have so far been the basis for mental health development in Third World nations and, to a certain extent, have produced the needed personnel and services. A fifth model—the primary health care model—seems to hold more promise for the future. By virtue of its integration with general health and other administrative social networks, it can more easily reach out to the community, providing both curative and preventive mental health.Whichever model or combination of models any one nation or region adopts, future mental health endeavors in the Third World should be an integral part of overall social policy and health planning. Taking children, family, and school as major foci, such efforts are indispensible and should constitute a positive force in shaping the continuing process of social evolution.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

When first faced with evaluating and/or treating a Southeast Asian adolescent psychiatric patient, the American therapist may be overwhelmed by the vast cultural differences. We have reviewed 28 cases of adolescents encountered in a psychiatric setting in order to provide a description of their presenting complaints and problems. Diagnostic categories and demographic characteristics are described, as well as current areas of needs for adolescent psychiatric patients from Southeast Asia.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Social psychiatric research can provide information about the role of interpersonal and societal factors in the genesis of psychiatric disorder. This discipline relies heavily on “experiments in nature” which expose a large number of people to a potentially pathological social stimulus. It also depends in large part upon the study of nonpatients to serve as a comparative group for patients. Both conditions are met in this study of Hmong refugees from Indochina. While the population and the event are esoteric to some extent, their experiences of sudden sociocultural change, geographic migration, role discontinuity, identity crisis, and massive loss are common experiences among many psychiatric patients, regardless of then: origin. Thus this study contributes to our understanding regarding the social genesis of psychiatric disorder.This prospective study of refugees to the United States was undertaken among the Hmong population in Minnesota (N= 97) during 1977. Subsequently 17 of this group became psychiatric patients over a 12-month period. Premigration and postmigration factors associated with patient status are described. Hypotheses are offered regarding those post- migration experiences or social strategies which favored or prevented psychiatric status.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To date there have been no epidemiological studies of a refugee population using selfrating scales. This method was used in a study of Hmong refugees in Minnesota. Self- reported symptoms were compared with premigration and postmigration factors to assess those characteristics associated with increased symptom reporting. Relatively few premigration factors influenced these self-reports, whereas several postmigration factors were significantly correlated with symptoms. These findings suggest certain interventions which might enhance the adjustment of subsequent refugees.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychosocial stressors are commonly classified according to such recent life events (RLE) as arguments and exits. Based on retrospective studies, exit events,e.g., deaths and marital separations, are generally believed to precede the onset of depression. We are reporting the first prospective study of RLE in 123 addicts, who were evaluated for depression using the Beck Inventory, then treated for drug abuse and reevaluated 6 months later for depression and the occurrence of intervening RLE. During the 6 months, only 31 per cent (38) of the addicts either remained (26) or became depressed (12), but 98 per cent (120) had RLE with a mean of 6.3 ± 2.9. Both “normals” (1.1) and primary depressives (3.4) have fewer RLE. Among the 36 addicts with low numbers of RLE (zero to four), 25 per cent either remained or became depressed, while among the 26 addicts with high numbers of RLE (nine to 15), 50 per cent either remained or became depressed. When RLE were categorized into exit and argument events, arguments had a stronger relationship than exits to depression. Furthermore, only arguments showed the expected relationship to recovery from depression, that is, addicts who recovered from depression were less likely to have argument events than addicts who remained depressed. Thus, among the 58 addicts who had argument RLE, 45 per cent either remained or became depressed, 36 per cent recovered from depression, and 19 per cent remained asymptomatic; among the 60 addicts who had exit RLE, 36 per cent either remained or became depressed, 40 per cent recovered from depression, and 23 per cent remained asymptomatic. When the post-therapeutic analysis included several outcome events other than depression, argument RLE were most strongly related to depression and exit RLE to resumption of illicit drug use during treatment. We conclude that recovery from depression in addicts is related to negative RLE such as arguments and that treatment should focus on helping addicts control their response to these RLE to facilitate recovery from depression.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The association of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders is important from both a research and a therapeutic point of view. In a medically hospitalized inpatient sample, we found a strong relationship between alcoholism and antisocial personality. Controlling for the overlap of diagnostic symptomatology, antisocial subjects still had a significantly higher prevalence of alcoholism than nonantisocial. The antisocial individual was more likely to be exposed to problem drinking, and once exposed, he tended to be more susceptible to developing the full alcoholism syndrome. Gender and a family history of problem drinking also predicted alcoholism. Characterological and neurophysiological correlates of antisocial personality and their relationship to problem drinking are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Information regarding the sensitivity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to psychopathology and the meaning of MMPI elevations in neurological patients, particularly in those with epilepsy, is of both theoretical and clinical concern. Such information has a particular relevance to the temporal lobe epilepsy-psychopathology controversy. In order to investigate evidence for increased psychopathology as a function of complex partial seizures (temporal lobe epilepsy in the old nomenclature), three groups of epilepsy patients differing in seizure type were compared on the MMPI. No supportive evidence was present for such an association. Second, the sensitivity of the MMPI to psychopathology was examined by comparing three groups of epilepsy patients differing in history of psychiatric problems. The results clearly indicated that the MMPI is sensitive to psychopathology in patients with epilepsy. Finally, the Sc scale was examined in relation to items descriptive of “disease-related experiences” and the psychiatric implications of endorsing such items. About one third of the items were identified as descriptive of “real experiences.” Nevertheless, patients with psychiatric histories endorsed more of such items. In conclusion, the MMPI appears to be sensitive to psychopathology in epilepsy. Therefore, insensitivity of this instrument cannot be advanced as an explanation for the results of many studies that have not supported the temporal lobe epilepsy-psychopathology controversy.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Alcoholics who experienced withdrawal seizures performed comparably to those who did not surfer seizures on intellectual and neuropsychological tests. Both groups, however, exhibited a number of impairments. The hypothesis that the withdrawal seizure is indicative of alcoholism severity and can serve as a marker for extent of neurological disturbance was not supported.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Because transitional objects and relatedness are often important developmental aspects of the borderline personality structure, the therapist may gain significant information by following the metamorphosis of transitional relatedness as it evolves during psychotherapy. The case presented describes a young woman's use of her own body as a transitional object after a childhood in which she had been used similarly by her mother.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID