摘要:

The nature and amount of essential fatty acids in dietary fat play a leading part in the repartition of brain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6). In order to determine precisely the respective roles of linolenic and linoleic acids in the diet on rat brain development, we used two diets in which the percentage of linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) was different. The animals were fed peanut oil (group A) or rapeesed oil (group B) during pregnancy and throughout lactation. The study of the fatty acid composition of gastric milk showed that the levels of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and more so linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) were much lower than in dietary fats. In group B, the 18:3 n-3 level of gastric content was about four times lower (2.4%) than in the maternal diet (8.5%) at the beginning of the suckling period and significantly increased until weaning. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides showed that docosapentaenoic acid Δ7–10–13–16–19 (22:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid Δ4–7-10–13–16–19 (22:6 n-3) levels increased in group B in relation to group A and, on the other hand, the docosapentaenoic acid Δ4–7-10–13–16 (22:5 n-6) level decreased in group B. The sum of (n-3 + n-6) fatty acids did not change in either group B or group A. In our experimental conditions, we found no marked effect of diet composition upon conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. In summary, linolenic acid can be utilized in the brain (rather than linoleic acid) to provide long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the amount of n-3 fatty acids would correlate with the desaturation activity of docosatetraenoic acid Δ7–10–13–16 (22:4 n-6) to docosapentaenoi

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176649

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous studies demonstrated that fasting is accompanied with a reduction of liver protein and albumin synthesis. A protein-deficient diet also leads to a marked change in liver RNA and protein metabolism. Although the reduction of protein synthesis and the disaggregated polyribosomes during fasting can be corrected by a single feeding of protein or a complete amino acid mixture, no or little changes of amino acid concentrations were found in portal blood and liver cytosol of fasted animals as compared to those of the fed group. To determine the effect of glucose on the reduced rate of protein and albumin synthesis of fasted rats, free and membrane-bound polyribosomes were isolated quantitatively from liver of starved rats (42–66 h) at different intervals after a single feeding of glucose and after giving glucose ad libitum for 24 h. (1) The yield of polyribosomal RNA decreased dramatically after a 42- to 66-hour starvation. A glucose refeeding did not change the RNA content. However, the restoration of polyribosome size could be observed rapidly. (2) At various levels of RNA, there was a decreased protein synthesis in fasted animals. However, the synthesis was enhanced after glucose refeeding. The albumin synthesis was also proportionately increased (10–12% of total protein synthesis of membrane-bound polyribosomes). (3) Glucose refeeding had no influence on the content of albumin mRNA sequence and liver RNA. These findings suggest that the effect of glucose on the restoration of protein and albumin synthesis is a sole post-transcriptional ev

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176651

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to find out whether the elevation of the serum ceruloplasmin level, previously described in vitamin-A-deficient rats, is a specific phenomenon. Quantitative variations of serum ceruloplasmin, albumin and haptoglobin (whose concentration increased during inflammation) were determined in normal and vitamin-A-deficient rats. Concentrations of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and the value of the haptoglobin to albumin ratio are increased in the serum of vitamin-A-deficient rats compared to normal rats. The results suggested that the increased serum level of ceruloplasmin in vitamin-A-deficient rats was due to the presence of inflammation.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176653

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A food consumption survey by weighing has been carried out for 3 days in 38 Senegalese infants aged from 6 to 12 months living in the suburbs of Dakar in order to assess the importance of complementary food to cover their nutritional requirements. The recommended dietary allowances in energy and in proteins are satisfied to 49 and 74%, respectively. The other nutritional requirements are covered to the following levels: calcium 38%, iron 24%, vitamin A 39%, B1 51%, B2 43%, PP 82%, C 54%, folates 8%, B12 263%. If we take into account the estimated nutrient intake of breast milk, the recommended dietary allowances in energy and in proteins were satisfied during the survey.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176656

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using the sliced intestine method, we studied in vitro the effects of long-term fasting (4 and 8 weeks) on the accumulation of 0.5 and 10 mM glycine in the mid- and hindgut of the trout. Increased glycine accumulation during fasting was noted when accumulation was calculated per gram of intestinal dry weight, per milliliter of cellular water, but especially per gram of mucosal tissue. The glycine tissue to medium ratios are also higher in fasted intestines, revealing an enhancement of the active pathways of the amino acid transport. After 4 weeks of fasting, the increased glycine accumulation is greater in hindgut, especially for the lowest glycine concentration (0.5 mM). With the highest concentration (10 mM), the effects of fasting similarly decrease in intensity and affect in the midgut and hindgut. After 8 weeks of fasting, the differences between fed and fasted intestines tend to be fewer, probably because of a progressive attenuation of the effect of fasting on the active pathways of glycine accumulation.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176658

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

13 short children aged 7–13 years who had a retarded bone age and low hair zinc concentration (under 140 µg/g) were treated with oral zinc supplements for a year. There was a significant increase in the growth rate in the children whose hair zinc concentration increased. Growth hormone, testosterone and somatomedin C also increased after oral zinc supplementation. Data from 755 short healthy children who have attended our Growth Clinic are presented which describe their hair and serum zinc concentration at different ages. The data indicate a decline in hair zinc concentration after birth with a gradual increase at age 4–6 years, finally reaching adult normal levels after adolesc

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176660

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The adrenal catécholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and their conversion enzymes (PNMT, COMT) were comparatively investigated in: (1) rats fed a diet deprived of vitamin A, inducing a rapid and severe deficiency; (2) rats fed another diet leading to a more progressive deficiency (rats supplemented with retinol served as controls for these two types of diet), and (3) rats fed a whole industrial diet. The first diet induced a strong accumulation of adrenal catecholamines and increased the activity of PNMT and COMT. The second diet only increased the adrenal content of norepinephrine and epinephrine

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176662

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In growing castrated pigs changes in the postprandial plasma zinc values were found to be inversely related to the zinc status of the animals. In pigs prefed with a moderate zinc diet (25 ppm) postprandial plasma zinc values increased, whereas in pigs prefed with a high zinc diet (150 ppm) values decreased after intake of a meal containing 150 ppm of zinc. It is considered that the presence of metallothioneine in the liver, which depends upon the zinc status, is responsible for this effect.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176664

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to determine precisely the respective roles of linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the maternal diet on rat brain subcellular fractions during development, we used two diets with different percentages of linolenic acid (18:3 n-3). The animals were fed peanut oil (group A) or soybean oil (group B) during pregnancy and throughout lactation. Nature and amount of essential fatty acids had no incidence on saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid distributions in myelin, synaptosomal, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. In adult rats, all subcellular fractions are marked by an increase of n-3 fatty acid and a decrease of n-6 fatty acid levels in group B compared to group A. In 15-day-old animals, on the contrary, only the synaptosomal fractions are significantly affected by the diet. Independent of diet, brain development is marked by a decrease of n-6 fatty acids in all subcellular fractions; on the other hand, the n-3 fatty acid level is increased in the synaptosomal and mitochondrial fractions, and decrease in the myelin and microsomal fractions. The sum of (n-3 + n-6) fatty acids remains constant in group B and in group A in all subcellular fractions. Finally, under our experimental conditions, we found no marked effect of diet composition upon linoleic acid conversion to arachidonic acid; only the Δ4–7-10–13–16-docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-6) level decreased in group B. Δ7–10–13–16–19-Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) seemed to be a better substrate for Δ4 desaturase than Δ7–10–13–16-docosatet

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176665

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Paired groups of rats whose growth rates were restricted to similar degrees by feeding either protein- or energy-deficient diets had very different patterns of nitrogen metabolism. The protein-deficient animals showed evidence of dysadaptation in that liver protein was much more reduced than in the energy-deficient ones, whereas total muscle protein was higher. Plasma albumin concentrations decreased only in animals fed the low protein diet; with energy restriction a small but significant rise in albumin was seen. Although plasma amino acid concentration fell in both protein- and energy-restricted groups, a distorted pattern, with a markedly raised non-essential:essential amino acid ratio was found only in the protein-deficient rats. These differences in nitrogen metabolism could not be explained on the basis of variations in the plasma concentrations of insulin, corticosterone or growth hormone. The relationship of these changes to the development of kwashiorkor in man, and the use of plasma albumin and amino acid as indicators of inappropriate internal distribution of protein, resulting in dysadaptation, are discussed.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176666

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger