摘要:

Medium term effects (3 months) on serum lipoprotein levels of a diet with a high P/S ratio (2.2) and a low P/S ratio (0.3) were investigated in 13 normolipoproteinemic rhesus monkeys. Both diets were studied with and without added gel-forming fibre, as pectin. Addition of pectin did not have major influences on serum lipid levels. Changing from a low to a high P/S diet resulted in a significant decrease of total cholesterol (23%) and LDL cholesterol (18%) levels, but also HDL cholesterol (23%) and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1; 13%) concentrations fell significantly. However, after 12 weeks on the high P/S diet, HDL cholesterol concentrations rose by 24%, not significantly different from the levels during the low P/S diet. We conclude that the medium-term effects of a high P/S diet are a decrease in LDL cholesterol with only a transient effect on HDL cholesterol.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176805

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The acute diabetic syndrome in the BB Wistar rat resembles human type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, including a possible association with T cell-mediated, (auto)immune processes. In most previous studies ‘normoglycemic’ littermates of diabetic BB rats have been used as controls and little attention has been paid to the role of diet. It now appears that asymptomatic/diabetes-prone littermates of diabetics have immune system defects as well as metabolic abnormalities. Since there are also indicators that the disease process starts before animals become symptomatic, we looked for prospective metabolic changes in prediabetic, asymptomatic/diabetes-prone and control (diabetes-free) BB rats following intervention in the immune system while maintaining the animals on a defined diet (AIN-76). The results reported here confirm and extend the finding of Like et al. (1982) that neonatal thymectomy reduces the frequency of the syndrome and emphasize the role of diet in modifying its expression. In contrast to previous reports of hyperglucagonemia only after onset of diabetes, asymptomatic/diabetes-prone animals had periodic increases of plasma glucagon values up to 3-fold those of diabetes-free controls; prediabetics displayed a similar pattern. Asymptomatic/diabetes-prone rats also tended to have slightly higher blood cholesterol levels. The low incidence and delayed onset of the syndrome in rats fed a modified AIN-76 diet (27%, 127 ± 21 days) compared to the previous chow-fed generation (60%, 93 ± 18 days) and chow-fed littermates (38%, 87 ± 16 days) suggested that diet can modify expression of the sy

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176806

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Transketolase activity was studied in rats fed a peasant diet containing 5.9% protein, carbohydrate diets (sucrose, glucose, lactose and starch, each containing 5.0% protein) and a normal diet which contained 21 % protein. The activity of the enzyme in red cell hemolysate was independent of the protein content of these diets. However, rats fed a low protein diet had significantly higher hepatic transketolase activity than those fed the normal diet. The hepatic transketolase activity was highest in rats fed a diet containing 4 mg thiamine/kg diet. Further dietary increase in the levels of this vitamin did not cause any further increase in the level of activity of the enzyme, thus suggesting that excess dietary thiamine may have a minimal effect on the activity of this enzyme.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176807

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

When the metabolic rate and respiratory quotient are measured up to 180 min after ingesting various monosaccharides, disaccharides and mixtures of monosaccharides no difference between men and women was found. The increase in metabolic rate was greatest when fructose was ingested. The respiratory quotient was greater after fructose ingestion compared with the other carbohydrates. Galactose, when ingested alone, had a significantly higher respiratory quotient than when accompanied by glucose.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176808

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ina crossover study with 3 nursing mothers it was shown that the concentration and composition of human milk lipids and the concentration of lactose, but not that of protein, quickly respond to changes in the mother’s diet. Triglycerides were high with low-fat/high-carbohydrate diets as compared to high-fat/low-carbohydrate diets. Lactose was affected reversibly. The intake of linoleic-acid-rich fats resulted in milk lipids with a respective high linoleic acid content. Milk cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations correlated positively with the respective triglyceride concentration

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176809

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

2 young adult females, identified as vitamin B6 deficient based on xanthurenic acid excretion levels following a loading dose of tryptophan, were tested twice during each of 3 menstrual cycles for static muscle strength and endurance of the handgrip muscles. During each of the last 2 cycles either a 25-mg dose of pyridoxine hydrochloride or a placebo were administered daily in the double-blind fashion. Measurement of 24-hour xanthurenic acid and 4-pyridoxic acid excretion levels indicated correction of the biochemical indicators of vitamin B6 deficiency. Results of the tests of static muscle strength and endurance indicated no substantial improvement following vitamin B6 supplementation.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176810

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The diet-induced thermogenesis of 12 healthy males of normal body weight was measured by means of indirect calorimetry over 6 h after test meals of 1 2 or 4 MJ protein (white egg, gelatine, casein), carbohydrate (starch, hydrolyzed starch) or fat (sunflower oil, butter). The totals of the thermic responses proved to be dependent on the type of nutrient supplied as much as on its quantity. The effect of 1 MJ protein was at least three times as large as that of an isocaloric carbohydrate supply. The investigated dietary fats produced no evident thermic response. The doubling of the energy intake of either casein or hydrolyzed starch led to the approximate doubling of the thermic effect.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176811

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

20 fa/fa Zucker rats were submitted to a normalization of their food-intake energy level by pair-feeding using control Fa/- rats, for 4 weeks. Two diets were tested. The first was a starch-based diet (A) (66% starch w/w) and the second a sucrose-based diet (S) (66% sucrose w/w). The food-intake levels and the efficiency of storage of energy were thus comparable for the two diets. Though the fa/fa hyperinsulinemia decreased for the 4 weeks of experiment and was comparable with the (S) and (A) diets, the hypertriglyceridemia was lower with the (S) diet than that for the (A) diet. This could be in relation to the increased post-heparin lipase activity in the (S) diet, compared to the (A) diet.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176812

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176813

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger