摘要:

Adult male pigs (40–60 kg of body weight) of the Kangaroo Island strain were surgically implanted with chronic indwelling hepatic portal venous cannulae. After a 24-hour fast the animals were given meals containing 500 g of either wheat bran or porridge oats and 200 g of sucrose and 2 litres of milk. With both cereal preparations plasma volatile fatty acids rose in the hepatic portal vein but the increase was significantly greater with wheat bran. Omission of sucrose and milk did not alter the response to porridge oats but diminished the response to wheat bran. These changes in plasma volatile fatty acids were unaffected by prior cooking of the cereals with hot water. With all test meals acetate and propionate were the major acids found, with butyrate contributing less than 8% of the total. This compositional profile was also found when the pigs were fed a commercial ration. The absence of butyrate differed from observations in the rat and reflected low concentrations of this acid in large bowel digesta. The difference in the response of the concentration of volatile fatty acids to feeding porridge oats and wheat bran in the pig was also the reverse of that found in the rat. These species differences may be of significance in relation to the choice of animal models for human fibre metabolis

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176989

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Weanling rats were fed a copper-deficient purified diet. The effects of varying the type of protein and supplements of copper and zinc on cardiovascular pathology and some biochemical parameters were investigated. It was found that cardiomyopathy developed in the copper-deficient groups. Milk powder caused significant exacerbation of this development relative to dietary casein or egg white. Angiopathy developed only when dietary zinc was 20 ppm. Dietary copper did not change this situation. Serum cholesterol was elevated when copper was low and casein or milk powder were the protein source. The data point to an interaction between type of protein and dietary copper or zinc in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular lesions.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176990

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plasma lipoprotein changes were evaluated in 65 type II patients undergoing sequential 4-week dietary treatments with: (I) standard low-lipid diet; (II) low-lipid diet with total replacement of animal proteins with textured soy proteins containing 6 % of lecithin (L-TVP); (III) standard low-lipid diet; (IV) low-lipid diet with a 50% substitution of animal proteins with L-TVP. Total cholesterolemia was significantly reduced in both periods of L-TVP administration: -18.6% during phase II (total replacement) and -13.2% during phase IV (partial replacement). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels tended to increase during L-TVP administration. However, only patients in the mid- and low tertiles for HDL cholesterolemia showed a significant increase of HDL levels during L-TVP. This ‘normalizing’ activity of L-TVP on plasma lipoproteins, even when administered as a partial dietary substituent, may be of clinical interest for subgroups of patients at high vascular r

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176991

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The body temperatures of mature lean and obese C57BL/6J mice were measured just after feeding, during ad libitum access to food, or every 24 h throughout a 3-day fast. Obese mice had body temperatures 1.0–1.4 °C lower than lean mice in the postprandial state and during ad libitum feeding. During food deprivation, obese mice became more hypothermic than lean sex-matched controls. A 5 °C fall in body temperature was observed in mutant females in the first 24 h of starvation, about twice that seen in any other experimental group. Over the same period the temperature changes of obese males and lean females were similar and both groups had larger hypothermic responses than lean males. The present results indicate that both genotype and gender affect thermoregulation in these mice. Under normal colony room conditions (ad libitum feeding, 23 °C) the ob/ob mutation is expressed by lower body temperatures which along with hypoactivity and hyperphagia account for the high rates of energy storage. When food availability is limited, females of both phenotypes display an increased capacity to reduce their maintenance energy requirements by lowering body temperatures. This hypothermia may be responsible for both the increased conservation of body mass seen during starvation and the slightly greater (5 %) fat stores observed in female

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176992

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influences of the maternal diet and of the mothers’ nutritional and socioeconomic status on the fatty acid composition of human milk have not yet been fully elucidated. Fatty acids from capric (8:0) to docosahexaenoic (22:6w3) acids were determined in 209 samples of human milk obtained from voluntary donors. Samples were classified according to the time of lactation and in relation to the socioeconomic status and to the weight of the lactating women. Capric and lauric acid increased in mature milk while palmitic and stearic acids decreased. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the w6 and w3 series with more than 18 carbon atoms also decreased from colostrum to mature milk. However, the ratio w3 PUFA/w6 PUFA remained unaltered. Oleic acid decreased in milk from mothers of a medium and low socioeconomic status who consumed almost exclusively seed vegetable oils. The mother’s weight did not influence the fatty acid composition of her m

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176993

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of methionine intubation via gastric needle on the growth of incisor and molar tooth germs in newborn rats were investigated. Upon delivery, the pups were divided into groups of 8 and randomly assigned to dams which were then randomly assigned to three groups. Then the pups were intubated in the stomach with (a) no methionine -group I, (b)0.1 g methionine per 100g body weight – group II, or (c) 0.2 g methionine -group III, from day 3 to day 13 on every other day. At day 15, the average body weights of pups among the three groups showed no difference statistically, though animals in group III showed a 17.5% mortality rate; there were no deaths in the other two groups. There was inadequate hair growth in some pups in group III. The weights of incisor and of molar tooth germs in group II were heavier than in groups I and III. The total hydroxyproline content of incisor tooth germs in group II was also greater than in the other groups, whereas there was no difference in molar tooth germs on this parameter among all groups. Collagen synthesis of both tooth germs was highest in group III compared to other groups. The total amount of calcium in both tooth germs showed no difference among groups, but values were consistently higher in group II. 45Ca uptake showed no difference among groups. The present results indicate that the amount of methionine received by growing pups alters the composition of developing tooth germs, but that incisor and molar tooth germs are affected differentl

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176994

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of a very low caloric diet (VLCD) on high density lipoproteins (HDL) is controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of a VLCD on lipids and lipoproteins, especially on HDL subfractions (HDL2, HDL3) in obese women. After a 4-day period of isocaloric standard diet, 30 women at least 50% above ideal body weight were switched for 15 days on a protein-sparing modified diet providing 1.57 MJ per day. Mean body weight reduction was 5.6 ± 0.7 kg. After the VLCD, total, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL cholesterol significantly decreased in all the subjects (p < 0.01). Both HDL subfractions were depressed after the VLCD (p < 0.01) but the reduction occurred predominantly in the HDL2 subfraction, thus inducing a decrease in the HDL2 to HDL3 cholesterol ratio (p < 0.01). The VLCD was associated with a slight but not significant increase in the LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio. This increase was due mostly to the rise in the LDL to HDL2 cholesterol ratio (p < 0.01). Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term changes of HDL subfractions during weight-reducing regimens

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176995

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176996

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176997

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176988

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger