摘要:

The release of chylomicrons (d > 0.1 µm) and very low density lipoprotein-like particles (d ≤ 0.1 µm) by the intestinal mucosa of rats was followed by means of electron microscopy of the intestinal lymph after ingestion of four oils: corn and peanut oils, both containing large amounts of C18 unsaturated fatty acids (85 and 82%, respectively), especially linoleic acid (50%) in the corn oil and oleic acid (53%) in the peanut oil, and two crucifer oils: rapeseed oil, with a high erucic content (53%) and canbra oil with alow erucic content but rich in oleic acid (62%). The absorption of rapeseed oil took place at a very early stage and was very rapid; practically within the first 6 h. The absorption of corn oil also began early but it took longer. As for canbra and peanut oils, their absorption occurred later and evolved in the same manner but with, however, greater rapidity for the canbra oil. The proportion of chylomicrons observed in lymph following the ingestion of canbra oil, especially those larger than 0.2 µm, was higher than the proportion observed after ingestion of peanut oil, but the release of chylomicrons during the course of absorption of either oil followed the same evolution. Most of the fatty acids of these two oils were thus transported by chylomicrons, especially after ingestion of canbra oil. A delayed release of chylomicrons occurred after the ingestion of rapeseed oil. Since the absorption of this oil began very early and increased rapidly, most of the fatty acids, particularly erucic acid, were carried in small chylomicrons and by very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-like particles. The large proportion and the rapidity of the release of chylomicrons after ingestion of peanut oil and particularly canbra oil could be ascribed to the oleic acid content of these two oils. The results concerning the absorption of rapeseed oil could be explained by the saturated character of erucic acid. The incorporation of large amounts of this acid in the smaller lipoprotein particles of lymph could partly explain the abnormal metabolism of erucic acid in the tissues, especially in the myocardium, different from that observed for oleic acid in canbra oil, which is mainly transported in chylomic

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176244

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two groups of rats were fed diets containing large amounts (45–50% of the total digestible energy) of sunflower seed oil or hydrogenated coconut oil for 4–5 days. The left ventricular working capacity, the coronary flow rate, the oxygen consumption, the glucose uptake and the lactate release were determined in the isolated perfused heart. The fatty acid composition of the heart phospholipids was also determined. The left ventricular working capacity and the coronary flow rate of hearts of rats fed sunflower seed oil are higher (10–20%) than those of rats fed hydrogenated coconut oil. Feeding the two fats for 3–4 weeks instead of 4–5 days does not alter the results. There are no or only minor differences between the two dietary groups as to the other quantities mentioned.It is concluded that dietary fats affect the properties of the heart already after a short fee

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176245

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cardiac and liver lipids (triglycerides and phospholipids) were analyzed in weanling rats fed for 8 days diets containing 15% by weight of four different lipid mixtures: trierucin and peanut oil (1/1), trierucin and linseed oil (1/1), triolein and peanut oil (1/1), triolein and linseed oil (1/1). Linolenic acid (8 cal·% of the diet) does not influence the steatogenic effect of erucic acid (15 cal% of the diet) on the myocardium but seems to increase the hepatic conversion of erucic acid into shorter monoenes (C 18:1 mainly). The (n-6), (n-3) fatty acid spectra in heart and liver phospholipids are strongly affected when linolenic acid is added to the diet whereas erucic acid has little effect

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176246

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A dietary survey has been carried out of elderly people with osteomalacia. The commonest type of osteomalacia was that associated with partial gastrectomy. Although a dietary deficiency of vitamin D has been suggested as a cause of the osteomalacia the intake of this substance was not significantly different from that in controls to explain the development of the disease. It was found, however, that patients with osteomalacia went outside much less than controls and given the contribution of sunlight to meeting vitamin D requirements it is suggested that further consideration should be given to this factor in the aetiology of post-gastrectomy osteomalacia.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176247

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chicks fed raw soybean meal (RSBM) as a sole protein source developed a significantly enlarged pancreas as compared to chicks fed heated soybean meal. No difference in DNA, RNA and protein content was observed, but the number of acinar cells was significantly higher in pancreases of chicks fed RSBM, after 14 and 28 days of feeding. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed that the enlargement of the pancreas resulted both from the hyperplasmic increase in the number of acinar cells and from the dilution of the acini by intercellular connective tissue and the appearance of cytopathogenetic areas.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176248

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hypertonic fructose and sorbitol solutions are claimed to have advantages over glucose in nutritional regimen due to their rapid hepatic metabolism. Insulin is essential for the extrahepatic metabolism of all three carbohydrates. At therapeutic rates (0.5 g/kg body weight/h) in the postoperative period they produce hyperglycaemia and an insulin response, not previously evident and similar to that of glucose. These changes are probably related to their intracellular metabolism and may explain the similar nitrogen-sparing capabilities of each carbohydrate following operative trauma.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176249

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of undernutrition on the fatty acid profiles of cerebrosides and phospholipids in the developing rat brain has been investigated. Undernutrition was imposed post-natally in pups by the method of large litter size and feeding a protein-deficient diet during the post-weaning period. The results showed that lignoceric (24:0) and nervonic (24:1) acids of cerebrosides, which are marker fatty acids of myelin, were significantly lower in 5 0-day-old undernourished rats than in well-nourished controls. Among the polyunsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids the contribution of arachidonic acid (20:4) to the total fatty acids was lower in 10- and 21-day-old as well as 50-day-old rats. Altered fatty acid pattern of lipid classes might be the result of impaired myelination of brain due to nutritional stress.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176250

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger