摘要:

A blood pressure-lowering effect of increased prostaglandin synthesis via polyunsaturated fatty acids has been demonstrated in animal experiments. To our knowledge, for the first time an attempt was made to lower elevated blood pressures in adolescents (age 15–18 years) through a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. This community-based dietary trial involved 30 students in the diet group and 20 students in the control group without any dietary intervention. Within 6 weeks the systolic blood pressure decreased by almost 11 mm Hg in the diet group and by 6 mm Hg in the control group. Diastolic blood pressure fell by 2 and 1 mm Hg, respectively. The effect on blood pressure was markedly different in normal weight adolescents. Systolic blood pressure in the diet group decreased by 14 mm Hg but only by 5 mm Hg in the control group. Diastolic blood pressure levels fell by 4 mm Hg in the diet group and increased by 4 mm Hg in the control group. Unfortunately, the numbers in these two comparison groups were rather small. The majority (70%) of adolescents with high blood pressure was overweight (≧20% above normal weight). However, for the small group of normal weight adolescents, the diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids may be suitable to reduce elevated blood pressure lev

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176334

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Within the framework of a project of primary prevention of coronary heart disease the erythrocyte fatty acid composition was determined in 140 Italian middle-aged men on free diet. The linoleic/oleic ratio ranged from 0.27 to 0.96 pointing out remarkable differences in dietary fat intake. A negative correlation was observed between erythrocyte linoleic/oleic ratio and plasma cholesterol levels. This gives indirect support to the validity of this ratio as an index of adherence to cholesterol-lowering diets in long-term studies.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176335

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Encephalopathy was induced in 14-day-old chicks by a vitamin E-deficient diet containing 15% thermally oxidized safflower oil. Bound acid phosphatase activity in the cerebellum was markedly lower in affected chicks than in vitamin E-supplied control chicks. Free activity also tended to be lower in the deficient group. There were no differences in enzyme activities of cerebrum and liver between deficient and control chicks.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176336

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rachitic chicks were injected with different dose-levels of cholecalciferoi and several cholecalciferol-related substances, i.e., dihydrotachysterol3 dihydrotachysterol3.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176337

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Healthy individuals were given different carbohydrate-rich test meals (each with an energy content of 300 kcal) after a standardization period. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured during the tests. When compared with an ordinary oral glucose load, potato had a post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin response not statistically different from the glucose load, the bread group had a weaker and slower response than the potato group, and rice had a response between the two other groups. Gastric emptying, the availability of the starch for digestion and differences in the carbohydrate content are discussed as possible explanations for these differences.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176338

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The concentration of folate in human milk was estimated in two groups of lactating mothers. The first group had no folate supplementation throughout pregnancy and the other group had 5 mg folate/day throughout the last trimester. Concentration of folate was significantly higher in the milk of mothers who had supplementation. There was a significant increase in folate concentration as the milk progressed to maturity. When malaria was present, there was no significant increase in the concentration of folate in the milk. Human milk is low in folate, and a rise in body temperature seems to disturb folate metabolism.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176339

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

10 men and 9 women consumed diets that were identical, except for the 30% of the calories derived from either starch or sucrose, for 6 weeks in a crossover design. Of the total calories, 10% were given at breakfast and 90% at dinner. A sucrose load of 2 g/kg body weight was administered 1 week before and during the last week of both dietary periods. Blood was drawn before (fasting) and 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h after the sucrose load. Serum uric acid was significantly higher (p < 0.01) and blood fructose significantly lower (p < 0.05) before and at all times after the sucrose load when subjects consumed the sucrose versus the starch diet. Levels of serum inorganic phosphorus and blood lactic acid were not affected by kind of carbohydrate in the diet.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176340

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rats were undernourished by being given half their normal diet from the 10th day of pregnancy. 10-, 15- and 30-day-old rats were studied. Incorporation of labelled precursors into brain DNA and RNA was carried out in vitro with slices from cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum. Neuronal and glial cells were subsequently isolated and analyzed for specific radioactivity. The proliferation and differentiation of all brain cells were affected by undernutrition. Glial cells in particular and the small neuronal cells appeared most vulnerable probably because of their intense postnatal development.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176341

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three groups, each of 9 adult male monkeys were maintained for about 18 months on diets containing mustard oil, either 5 or 10%; or 10% peanut oil, respectively. Histological examination of hearts of monkeys fed either 5 or 10% mustard oil diets did not reveal any abnormality attributable to mustard oil intake, such as vacuolation and fibrosis of myocardium. However, the oxygen consumption, RCR and ADP/O ratio, were significantly lower in the mitochondria isolated from monkeys receiving 109í mustard oil than those isolated from 10% peanut oil receiving monkeys, in the left ventricle but not in the right ventricle. Moreover, the oxygen consumption in the homogenates of left ventricles of monkeys receiving mustard oil, either 5 or 10%, was significantly lower as compared to that in 10% peanut oil controls. These data indicate that ingestion of mustard oil is associated with decreased oxidative capacity of heart mitochondria. They also suggest that the homogenates of the hearts of monkeys receiving mustard oil may contain a factor which further inhibits mitochondrial oxidation

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176342

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger