摘要:

Resistance to infections inducing two types of immune response, humoral and cell-mediated, has been measured in mice after Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae inoculation; the animals exhibited different kinds of obesity: genetic, ob/ob and db/db mutants, induced by fat diet or gold thioglucose (aurothioglucose) injection (determining obesity of central origin). Klebsiella infection was aggravated in all types of obesity. Salmonella infection was aggravated in genetically diabetic and dietary-obese mice. The two kinds of genetically obese mice show an important functional decrease in splenic lymphocytes. In contrast, aurothioglucose-obese mice were more resistant than controls.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177423

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Zinc is an important element during the prenatal period. Since plasma zinc levels are not directly related to the nutritional status of this metal in pregnant women, we designed this study to find out if plasma protein zinc binding capacity is a more reliable parameter than total serum zinc to establish zinc nutritional status during pregnancy. We analyzed total serum zinc and zinc binding capacity in 84 normal pregnant women and in 14 nonpregnant women. Within pregnant women, samples were classified according to the gestational age. Total zinc serum was significantly decreased in pregnant women as compared to control ones. The decrease in zinc occurred slowly during the whole period of pregnancy; a negative correlation was found between serum zinc and gestational time. Protein zinc binding capacity was found to be significantly higher in pregnant women than in the control ones. This parameter was positively correlated to total serum zinc in pregnancy. We conclude that since the protein zinc binding capacity increases with advancing gestation, pregnant women take advantage of this to maintain the levels of serum-free zinc, transferable to the fetus.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177424

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Shwachman’s syndrome is, after cystic fibrosis, the most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in childhood. The cause of the disorder is not known but we were struck by the fact that the histological appearances of pancreatic atrophy in this condition resemble those seen in experimental copper deficiency, in which the pancreatic acinar damage persists long after the copper deficiency is relieved. Other features of Shwachman’s syndrome include neutropenia, anaemia and abnormalities of the ribs and of the metaphyses of long bones. All these findings have also been reported in children with copper deficiency during the 1st year of life. We suggest that some or all cases of Shwachman’s syndrome are caused by a period of copper deficiency in early in

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177425

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of dietary supplementation with moderate (200 mg/day) and high (2,000 mg/day) doses of vitamin C on serum lipid levels was studied in 27 female long-stay hospital patients characterized by low plasma ascorbic acid levels during the preceding year. The two doses of vitamin C were compared with placebo in a double-blind, cross-over design during randomly determined 6-week periods followed by 2-week washout intervals. No effect was observed on serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Plasma ascorbic acid levels were highly significantly increased (p < 0.001) by both doses of vitamin C. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with moderate or high doses of vitamin C does not affect serum lipids of persons who have low plasma ascorbic acid levels suggestive of possible marginal deficiency of vitamin C.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177426

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

For at least 3–4 weeks, young male Wistar rats were fed semisynthetic diets containing sunfiowerseed oil, palm oil, olive oil, linseed oil, cocoa butter and coconut oil as dietary fat. The type of dietary fat had little effect on body weight, epididymal fat pad weight and on the diameter of fat cells isolated from the epididymal fat pads, but the rats fed the linseed oil-containing diet had a lower epididymal fat pad weight. The fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerol fractions of the fat pads correlated well with those of the dietary fats. The correlations with the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids of the fat pads were less pronounced. High responses to insulin in the epididymal fat cells were obtained with sunfiowerseed oil, linseed oil and olive oil, whereas low responses were found for cocoa butter, palm oil or coconut oil. Rather than the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids or the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, the amount of saturated fatty acids with 12, 14 or 16 carbon atoms appeared to be the most important parameter in determining the maximal insulin response. A negative correlation was found between the amount of saturated fatty acids in the diet and the extent of insulin response. The modulating effects of the dietary type of fat on the response to insulin cannot be fully explained by changes in the number of insulin receptors on the fat cell surface as determined by insulin binding but must, at least partially, be ascribed to postreceptor effect

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177427

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Newly weaned male specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were fed semipurified diets containing sunflowerseed oil or palm oil and various types of carbohydrates, i.e. sucrose, maize starch or potato starch for at least 3–4 weeks. Fat cells were isolated from the epididymal fat pads to study the sensitivity to insulin. The response to insulin of the cells was always higher for sunflowerseed oil than for palm oil. Diets containing polysaccharides were found to induce a higher response as compared to sucrose-containing diets. The changes in insulin response due to the type of carbohydrate were not accompanied by changes in insulin binding to the cells, or in the fatty acid composition of the membrane phospholipids. The fatty acid compositions of the triacylglycerol fractions from the epididymal fat pads reflected very well those of the dietary fats. In addition, the type of dietary carbohydrate had also some effect on this composition. The fecal fatty acid content was low and very similar after diets containing either sucrose or maize starch and sunflowerseed oil or palm oil, indicating that the difference in insulin function between the two dietary fats cannot be caused by a difference in fat absorption in the digestive tract. These findings, as well as the insulin concentrations in the blood samples after the various diets, suggest that the changes in insulin response due to the type of dietary carbohydrate are caused by postreceptor effect

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177428

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Newly weaned male Wistar rats were fed semipurified diets containing sunfiowerseed oil or palm oil. The fatty acid compositions of the phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions either from whole epididymal fat pads or from fat cells isolated from the pads appeared to be nearly similar. Feeding the diets for a period of only 3–4 weeks after weaning was found to be sufficient to produce a difference in insulin response and insulin binding in the epididymal fat cells. A reduction in the dietary fat content from 30 to 15% of the energy had only minor effects on fat pad weight and on the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid- and triacylglycerol fractions isolated from the epididymal fat pads. There was no effect either on body weights or on average fat cell diameter but there was an increase in insulin response in the isolated fat cells, however. The difference in insulin response after a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (sunfiowerseed oil) as compared to one rich in saturated fatty acids (palm oil) remained after the reduction of fat conten

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177429

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of age on lipid metabolism was studied in rats fed diets containing saffiower oil (SFO, 78% linoleic acid), evening primrose oil (EPO, 9.4% γ-linolenic acid and 70% linoleic acid) or the mixture of saffiower and linseed oil (SLO, 10.2% α-linolenic acid and 68% linoleic acid). The activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase declined with age in all groups. In adult rats, the reductase activity was high in the EPO group and low in the SLO group. The activity of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase was independent of the diet or age. Hepatic Δ6-desaturase activity was low in adult rats fed EPO. In liver microsomal phospholipids, the percentage of 22:5 n-6 decreased while that of 22:6 n-3 increased with age. The ratio of linoleate metabolites to linoleate was high in the EPO group and low in the SLO group. Liver and serum cholesterol increased with age only in rats fed the SLO diet. Thus, the results indicated an enhanced susceptibility to dietary fats with

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177430

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger