摘要:

β-Muricholic acid is the main bile acid in germ-free (axenic) rat but is found in smaller amounts in conventional (‘holoxenic’) rat. In order to study how intestinal microflora induces such a change in bile salt metabolism, the bacterial degradation of β-muricholic acid was studied in vivo and in vitro. Two conventional rats were fed a load of β-muricholic-4 14 C-acid and the distribution of radioactivity in the feces was studied by thin-layer chromatography with the following results: (1) β-muricholic-4 14 C-acid rapidly disappeared from the feces; (2) hyodeoxycholic acid was the main metabolite which was formed, together with 3α-hydroxy-6 keto-5β-cholanoic acid and several unidentified chemical species. However in vitro incubation of β-muricholic-4 14 C-acid with cecum homogenates of conventional rats did not result in the formation of hyodeoxycholic acid. The possible pathway of hyodeoxycholic acid formation in the rat is discussed.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175520

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The administration of a diet, containing 70 cal% of fructose, increases in rats, as compared with a diet containing 70 cal% of glucose, the release of free fatty acids (FFA) from adipose tissue in vitro. Since the glycerol release from adipose tissue is not increased by the high fructose diet, it may be concluded that the enhanced FFA release in the fructose group is due to a reduced re-esterification of FFA in adipose tissue rather than to an enhanced hpolysis. The serum concentrations of FFA are increased by fructose intake temporarily (for the first week of the diet administration), the increased FFA release from adipose tissue being present up to 1 month after starting the diet. The reduced re-esterification of FFA in fructose-fed rats is probably connected with the reduced glucose utilization in adipose tissue. None of the described effects of the fructose diet seems to result from insulin deficiency since no difference was found in the serum insulin concentrations between the groups on the fructose and glucose diet. It is speculated whether the enhanced FFA release from adipose tissue in rats fed the fructose diet may participate in the mechanism of fructose-induced hypertriglyceridaemia.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175521

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An infant formula based on a whey protein concentrate with a low phenylalanine content (3.5 %) has been tested as a protein source in the diet of an infant with hyperphenylalaninemia. Nitrogen balance studies performed at the age of 1.5, 7 and 12 months showed that feeding this formula instead of a conventionally humanized cow milk formula resulted in a positive nitrogen balance without a subsequent increase in the plasma phenylalanine level. Since the formula was well tolerated, has a high nutritive value and a better palatability than conventional phenylketonuria diets, as well as an amino acid composition similar to that of breast milk it seems to constitute an adequate diet for infants with hyperphenylalaninemia or transient tyrosinemia.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175522

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plasma, brain and liver microsomal phospholipid content has been studied in rats fed a choline-deficient, choline-supplemented or ordinary laboratory diet for about half a year, using lipid extraction, thin-layer chromatography and phosphorus determination. Microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 content as well as NADPH cytochrome C reductase (EC 1.6.2.3) and ethylmorphine-N demethylase activity have been determined additionally. 35 S-thiopentone (5-ethyl-5-[1-methylbutyl]-2-thiobarbituric acid monosodium salt) half-life has been calculated following up either 35 S-thiopentone plasma level or fractional urinary excretion of 35 S-thiopentone metabolites. Choline deficiency leads to decreased plasma and brain phospholipid content. In the liver only a decreased phospholipid concentration was obtained. Total microsomal phospholipid content in the liver remained unchanged. Compared with the animals fed on a common laboratory chow both choline-deficient and choline-supplemented diets lead to an increase in total microsomal protein. Total cytochrome P450 content in the liver showed normal values in the choline-deficient group, an increased total amount of NADPH cytochrome C reductase, and TV-demethylation of ethylmorphine in a normal range. Feeding the choline-substituted diet was followed by a significant decrease in microsomal P450 content. Ethyl-morphine-N-demethylase was diminished to about 35 %. In vivo 35 S-thiopentone half-life was normal (approx. 15 h) in the choline-deficient group but distinctly prolonged in the choline-supplemented group (approx. 23 h).

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175523

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The favourable results obtained from a fat-reduced diet during metabolic ward conditions in patients with ileal dysfunction persisted during continued dietary treatment outside the hospital. The observation period for 10 patients was 3–27 months (mean 14 months) ended by a short-time study at a metabolic ward. According to our findings, the daily fat intake should be limited to not more than 50 g. In spite of a reduction of energy with this diet, the patients (with one exception) did not loose weight and many of them increased their total body potassium. The general outline for the fat-reduced diet isgive

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175524

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A dietary and nutritional survey of Taiwan aborigines, Atayals and Paiwans, as a follow-up study, and as a new survey on Yamis who live on an off-shore island, has been carried out recently. Great improvements in the nutritional status of the first two tribes during the last 15 years were observed. They may be attributed to a series of socio-economic reforms including education, sanitation, agriculture, and employment. The nutrient intake of the Atayals and the Paiwans appeared to be sufficient, except for riboflavin and niacin. This was indicated by a better physical growth in school children than ever before particularly at ages 11 and 12 for boys and girls alike. Their average heights and weights were all within the range of 91-95 and 78-87 % of the Iowa Standard, respectively. The nutritional status of Paiwans was better than that of Atayals. Though they are still living in a rather primitive life, Yamis showed a better supply in various nutrients than the other two tribes as a result of a high fish intake. There was almost no difference in physical growth of Yami children in comparison with the other tribes. Traditionally, Yami adults accept no other vegetables than taro and sweet potatoes. Raw fish livers and eyeballs are consumed in fair amounts as delicacies. Because of the topographic limitation of the small island and the traditional way of living of the Yamis, the authors have commented on the interrelationship between population growth and local food supply in the foreseeable future. The effects of the various programs implemented on the nutritional status of these people are discussed.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175525

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aminoacyl-tRNA and protein synthesizing activities of cell-free systems derived from the livers of mice fed ad libitum and mice fasted overnight were measured. The ‘pH 5 fractions’ from both groups of mice have a similar ability to acylate tRNA. Cell-free systems derived from fasted mice had a reduced protein synthetic activity, but in heterogenous cell-free systems the activity of polysomes from these animals was significantly increased by cytosol fractions from fed mice. These results indicate that fasting affects a factor or factors in the cytosol which are required for incorporation of aminoacyl-tRNA into prot

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175526

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175527

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175528

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger