摘要:

The effect of dietary protein, either casein (CAS) or soybean protein (SOY), on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of liver microsomal phospholipids and eicosanoid production was compared in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed diets containing perilla oil rich in α-linolenic acid. In normal rats the linoleic acid desaturation index in liver microsomal phospholipids was significantly higher in the CAS group than in the SOY group, whereas it was reversed in diabetic rats. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased in diabetic rats, in particular those fed SOY, whereas it was vice versa for arachidonic acid (AA). The ratio of aortic prostacyclin production to platelet thromboxane A2 production decreased only in diabetic rats fed SOY reflecting a reduction of the EPA/AA ratio. Thus, dietary protein differently modified the PUFA composition and eicosanoid balance even in the diabetic rat. In this respect, α-linolenic acid seemed to be less influential than linoleic aci

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177757

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male CD-I mice were fed diets containing 10 wt% fat composed of a constant amount of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; safflower oil, 1.5 wt%) and increasing levels of n-3 PUFA (up to 1.5 wt%); the remaining fat was a 50:50 mixture of tripalmitin and triolein. Four days prior to sacrifice, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with sterile thioglycollate. Peritoneal macrophages were analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and cytotoxicity towards L929 target cells. Increasing dietary n-3 PUFA increased macrophage phospholipid n-3 PUFA from 4.4 to 11.0 mol% with a concomitant decline in n-6 PUFA from 15.5 to 10.9 mol%, and PGE2 synthesis declined from 2.6 to 1.5 pmol/million cells in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. Macrophage cytotoxicity toward target L929 cells declined by approximately 50% with increasing n-3 PUFA concentration.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177758

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of hydrolysis and absorption to the reduced digestibility found for heat-oxidized oils. Indirect evaluation methods were designed to assess the hydrolysis and absorption undergone in vivo, based on the analysis of non-absorbed lipids in faeces. The results indicated difficulties in the hydrolysis of complex glyceridic molecules included in heat-oxidized fats. Also, the data suggested that the extension of hydrolysis undergone in vivo was closely dependent on the amount and alteration degree of the dietary fat. This fact was clearly shown specifically for non-altered fatty acids while in the case of non-polar dimer fatty acids the low digestibility value may be associated in part to difficulties during the absorption process.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177759

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of dietary phytosterols on lipid metabolism have been assessed through determination of liver lipids (sterols and fatty acids) and lipid metabolism enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in rats fed 12 or 24 mg cholesterol a day and 0-96 mg phytosterols. The results indicate that, provided the dietary phytosterol to cholesterol ratio is at least 1 and in the presence of a dietary cholesterol excess, phytosterols do exert a regulatory role through decreases of both acetyl-CoA carboxylase and malic enzyme activities. A ratio of 2 enhances this effect. At the same time, liver fatty acids and cholesterol contents significantly decrease.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177760

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The fatty acid profiles and total lipid contents of two skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, heart, liver and kidney of swine fed a diet rich in omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (i.e., 5% fish oil) was investigated. These values were compared to those determined for animals which were fed an equal caloric diet low in n-3 fatty acids (i.e., 5% coconut oil). All supplementations were given over a 13-week period. The lipids were extracted with chloroform-methanol, transesterified and the relative fatty acid methylesters concentrations were determined using capillary gas chromatography. The fish oil diet significantly enhanced the relative amounts of n-3 fatty acids (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in all tissues examined. In the heart, liver and kidney, the increases in n-3 fatty acids were compensated by decreases primarily in arachidonic acid, but in the other tissues the contents of lauric and myristic acids were also reduced. In general, the n-3 fatty acid contents were 40-165% higher in the animals fed the fish oil. Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids in swine induced a significant incorporation of these fatty acids throughout the body, however the extent of this incorporation differed between tissues perhaps due to tissue-specific metabolic pathways.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177761

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In male rats fed a diet containing 1.5% cholesterol and 5% of dried mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) a significantly reduced accumulation of cholesterol in serum (by 45%) and the liver (by 15%) was observed at the end of the 12th week of the experiment. The decrease in serum cholesterol level by more than 90% is a consequence of the decreased cholesterol concentration of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and of low-density lipoproteins. Consumption of P. ostreatus reduces the total VLDL entry into the circulation by 19% and accelerates (by 49%) fractional turnover rate of VLDL.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177762

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of in vitro additions of between 10 and 100 µM n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined on the proliferation of stimulated T lymphocytes in culture. For both phytohemagglutinin-induced human blood lymphocytes and concanavalin-A-induced rat splenic lymphocytes, the largest inhibitory effects were obtained with 22:4 n-6 and 22:6 n-3, and to a lesser extent with 20:5 n-3. Arachidonic acid 20:4 n-6, the main eicosanoid presursor, was not inhibitory, it even stimulated rat lymphocyte proliferation. Acetylsalicylic acid stimulated both human and rat lymphocyte proliferation. The effects of moderate decreases in the dietary n-6/n-3 ratio by either linseed oil or fish oil maximum eicosapentaenoic acid (MaxEPA) were determined on rat lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro. Dietary changes did not affect mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, but proliferation of unstimulated lymphocytes was significantly lowered (4-fold) with the n-3-enriched diets. Dietary fish oil but not linseed oil significantly increased the NK cell activity of rat splenic lymphocytes. The n-3-enriched diets, especially the fish oil diets, reduced the stimulatory effect of in vitro added acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on lymphocyte proliferation

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177763

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177764

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger