摘要:

Enhanced retention of nutrients in the gravid organism, which exceeds the normal deposition in the reproductive organs and in fetuses, is called ‘pregnancy anabolism’. For zinc this superretention could be established only in the liver which was enlarged in gravid rats, too. In all other tissues of gravid animals, zinc contents were lower compared with nongravid rats. After lactation, these changes in zinc status were equalized, and gravid and nongravid animals showed the same val

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176262

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Oxygen consumption was monitored in fed and fasted, lean and obese mice of the ob/ob strain before and after subcutaneous injections of norepinephrine (NE). The increase in oxygen consumption after NE was of a similar magnitude in both lean and obese fed mice, but of a longer duration in the obese. Prior fasting caused a diminution of the response in the lean but was associated with an enhanced response in the obese mice. Fasting also resulted in a significant depression of the resting oxygen consumption of the obese mice but not of the lean. The relevance of these findings to the inability of the obese mouse to withstand cold exposure and to the maintenance of the obese state is discussed.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176263

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of treadmill exercise on hepatic cholesterogenesis and fecal steroid excretion were studied using male Wistar rats fed a commercial pellet ration. Exercise, in comparison with ad libitum or pair-feeding sedentary groups, caused the following significant changes: (i) a reduction in the concentration of plasma triglyceride, phospholipid and cholesterol; (ii) a reduction in liver weight; (iii) increases in hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and incorporation of mevalonate into digitonin precipitable sterol; (iv) increases in excretion of neutral and acidic steroids into the feces; (v) the increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in the cardiac muscle, and (vi) the decrease in the concentration of carcass triglyceride but not of cholesterol. These data suggest that the mechanism responsible for the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of exercise is attributable to an increase in excretion of fecal neutral and acidic steroids accompanied by an acceleration of cholesterol turnover in the body.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176264

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male rats suckled in large litters (more than 12 pups, group A) had significantly higher levels of spontaneous physical activity and temporarily increased food intake (g/l00 g body weight) than male rats from small litters (less than 6 pups, group B). Females did not differ. Epididymal fat pads were significantly lighter in males in group A. The concentration of total lipids in the small intestine was significantly higher in females from group A, and the synthesis of lipids was higher in the animals of both sexes from group A. The synthesis of fatty acids in the intestines was significantly greater in both males and females from group A. Cholesterol concentration in the liver and carcass was the same in all groups. Cholesterogenesis was higher in the liver only in males from group B, and in the carcass in the animals of both sexes from group B.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176265

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three groups of 33 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, ad libitum, the following diets for 2 weeks before breeding. Diet 1 (D1) contained 20% protein from casein, diet 2 (D2) had the same level of protein from Tower rapeseed (Brassica napus) protein concontrate (RPC) and diet 3 (D3) was the same as D2 with a zinc supplement (70 mg/l) in the drinking water. From each group 6 animals were killed before breeding and 5–9 animals were killed at 1 and 2 weeks of gestation and post-partum. From each rat, blood, thyroids, liver and femur were collected for the determination of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, calcium and magnesium. As a measure of the reproductive performance, body weight, number of pups in the uterus or delivered live or dead, and gestation days before parturition were recorded. The pups were examined for obvious deformities and also analysed for the above mineral elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In group D2, levels of zinc in maternal serum, liver, femur and in the pups were significantly lower than the comparable levels in the other two groups. The zinc supplemented RPC-fed group did not show the anorexia experienced by the unsupplemented group and there was neither a significant difference between reproductive performances of groups D1 and D3 nor was there any significant difference between the zinc levels determined. It was concluded that the toxic symptoms caused by RPC feeding were attributable to zinc deficiency probably caused by the high phytate level in the RP

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176266

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The bioavailabüity of zinc in three infant cereals was determined by a rat assay, using total femur zinc as the indicator. The basal diet contained 25% egg white solids and 0.6 µg zinc per gram. The infant cereals were included in the diets at three graded levels to supply 3-12 µg zinc per gram. Zinc sulphate was used as a standard source, with and without supplemental iron (185, 370, 555 µg/g, respectively) at 3, 6 and 9 µg zinc per gram with a view to determine the effect of excess iron on zinc availability. Added iron from sodium iron pyrophosphate was not found to have any effect on the bioavailabüity of zinc from zinc sulphate. The responses for the three cereals were linear but the regression lines representing them and the standard source did not have a common intercept. However, the ratio of the slope of the regression line for the test source to that of the standard indicated that the cereal containing soy protein was a better source of zinc (ratio = 0.49) than the barley cereal (0.10) or the rice cereal (0.32). These ratios did not show any correlation with the actual iron-precipitable phytate phosphorus content or the reported crude fibre co

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176267

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The role of zinc in some metabolic functions in man was investigated in 14 healthy male volunteers with primarily high or low serum zinc. In all the subjects, results of laboratory tests reflecting blood picture, metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and thyroid function as well as serum calcium and phosphate levels varied within the normal range. Significant differences between the subjects classified by serum zinc were found in α1-globulins. Serum thyroxine, effective thyroxine ratio and the immunoglobulins IgA showed a tendency to lower levels in subjects with low serum zinc. Substitution with zinc sulphate resulted in an increase of α1 -globulins, serum thyroxine and effective thyroxine ratio, and a decrease of albumin. Other tests remained unchanged by the therapy. The results suggest that there is a relationship between zinc and some metabolic functions in healthy subjects without symptoms of zinc deficienc

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176268

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given in one experiment diets with starch or sucrose and in a second experiment diets with glucose or fructose. In each experiment, one group of 5 rats was fed ad libitum and five other groups fed a 3-hour meal each day. After 36 days, one group of the meal-fed rats was killed when the meal was due, and the other groups at intervals after the beginning of the meal. The group fed ad libitum was killed the next day after 21 h fasting. Meal feeding led to a smaller food intake and a smaller gain in weight, and a lower blood concentration of triacylglycerol. The diets with sucrose or fructose produced heavier livers and kidneys than did those with starch or glucose. The consumption of the meal led also to a temporary increase in the weight of the liver. The weight of the kidney, however, did not change in rats given starch or glucose, but fell in rats given sucrose or fructose. Meal consumption was also followed by an increase in the concentration of liver glycogen, irrespective of the nature of the dietary carbohydrate. The concentration of plasma fatty acids was affected differently by meals containing the different carbohydrates, the extremes being a continuing fall with starch and no change with fructose. The concentration of triacylglycerol was increased by sucrose or fructose after the presentation of the meal. The concentration of blood glucose rose and then fell when the meal contained starch or glucose, but fell and then rose when it contained sucrose, and especially when it contained fructose. The concentration of insulin in meal-fed rats receiving sucrose was higher than that of rats receiving starch, both before and after the meal. This difference was not seen in rats fed ad libitum. The results indicate that the effects of meal feeding, or of sucrose or fructose, are not additive.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176269

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

10 patients with primary, endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (type IV hyperlipoproteinemia) underwent three different isocaloric dietary regimes of 10 days duration each. The diets contained either 30, 43 or 79% of calories as carbohydrate with 20% of calories from protein. Analyses of insulin, blood sugar and free fatty acids were conducted on the last day of each dietary period, at frequent intervals. There were no differences in either fasting or diurnal blood sugars with the different diets. Insulin levels were positively correlated with the amount of carbohydrate in the diet and there was an inverse correlation between the carbohydrate contents of the diets and circulating free fatty acid levels during waking hours. Since glucose tolerance is maintained, and diurnal plasma lipid levels are lowest with the low fat regime, such diets may be advantageously used for patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176270

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, inorganic phosphate and 2,3-DPG have been determined in blood and liver of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats maintained for up to 11 months on a diet in which the sole carbohydrate source was either starch or sucrose. The feeding of sucrose to normal rats did not significantly alter the adenine nucleotide or phosphate content of the liver and blood. The diabetic state caused a reduction in the ATP, and an increase in AMP and phosphate content of the liver. The feeding of sucrose to the diabetic animals increased the blood phosphate level. The erythrocyte 2,3-DPG content was unaffected by the alterations of ATP and phosphate levels or by the diabetes.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176271

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger