摘要:

Pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) was performed in 5-week-old male chickens. Growth and food intake were studied over a 2-month period after the operation in PDL chickens fed a regular diet or a diet supplemented or not with 0.5 or 3% porcine pancreas powder. Sham-operated (SO) and intact birds were used as controls. Balance studies were performed at 1 and 8 weeks after ligation on PDL chickens and SO chickens fed a nonsupplemented diet. A 50% growth retardation was noted in PDL chickens 2 months after ligation. Balance studies performed soon after ligation showed that the apparent digestibility of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates was 40, 66 and 75% less than that of controls (SO), respectively. At 2 months after operation, there was no evidence for digestive compensation. At the end of the experiment, the wet weights of proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the PDL chickens. The histological study revealed a complete degeneration of the exocrine pancreas, but no alteration of the endocrine part of the pancreas could be found by immunological and histological studies of islets and by measurement of the variations of the plasma glucose level in response to a meal.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176971

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of a dietary tryptophan deficiency on tissue serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) synthesis rates, systemic tryptophan metabolism and its response to steroid or cycloheximide treatment was investigated. Brain serotonin synthesis was depressed in tryptophan-deprived (TD) mice while duodenal serotonin synthesis was enhanced following a tryptophan load. Liver total protein content was initially depressed in TD mice but increased following a tryptophan load. Blood tryptophan and albumin were depressed in TD mice while the percentage of albumin-bound tryptophan significantly increased in TD mice. Serum-free fatty acids were not significantly altered. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics studies indicated that in TD mice, tryptophan-5-hydroxylase has a reduced Vmax, while the Km for both tryptophan and the pteridine cofactor was significantly lowered. The tryptophan hydroxylase response to tryptophan or hydrocortisone injection was accentuated in TD mice while the tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase response to tryptophan or hydrocortisone injection was blunted in TD mice. Finally, injection of tryptophan and cycloheximide blocked the tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase response while the tryptophan hydroxylase response was unaltered in both control and TD diet mice.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176972

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Energy cost of rest and various common daily activities was measured in 7 male and 16 female medical students by using a Max-Planck respirometer and a Lloyd’s gas analysis apparatus. The average weight of male and female subjects during the course of the study was 67.3 ± 14.2 and 51.2 ± 5.1 kg, respectively. The average energy expenditure per day was estimated from a diary of activities for a period of 7 days. The average daily intake of energy was computed from food tables and based on weighed amounts of raw materials of food consumed over the same 7-day period when energy expenditure was determined. The average energy expenditure of rest and different activities was found to be significantly lower than the figures published for western subjects. The daily energy intake and expenditure were 2,138 ± 217 kcal (9.0 ± 0.9 MJ) and 1,894 ± 168 kcal (8.0 ± 0.7 MJ), respectively, in male medical students, giving a positive balance of 244 kcal (1.0 MJ). The values of the same in female medical students were 1,711 ± 292 kcal (7.2 ± 1.2 MJ) and 1,474 ± 211 kcal (6.2 ± 0.9 MJ) with a balance of 237 kc

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176973

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In an experiment on 95 Wistar rats weighing 330 g the effect was studied of partially hydrogenated marine oil and cod-liver oil as well as sunflowerseed oil and animal fat on arterial hypertension induced with administration of 1.5% NaCl in drinking water. During 5 weeks the animals received diets containing 37.8 kcal% derived from the studied fats. After the first week of 1.5% NaCl solution administration a significant rise of the systolic blood pressure and heart rate was observed in all animals without regard to the fat received by them with the diet. The rise of the blood pressure was greatest in the group of rats kept on the diet with animal fat, while in the groups of rats receiving diets with sunflowerseed oil or marine oils this rise was significantly smaller, especially with cod-liver oil. The hypotensive effect of marine oils, particularly cod-liver oil, was more pronounced than that of sunflowerseed oil. The hypotensive effect of partially hydrogenated fish oil was less pronounced than that of cod-liver oil. Our experiments demonstrated a significant effect of the amount of dietary fat on the development of experimental hypertension. Greater intake of salt and animal fats in human diet may be one of the causes of essential hypertension.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176974

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum ferritin, hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin iron-binding capacity were evaluated in 107 healthy female students. 21 women had a serum ferritin of 12 µg/l or less, corresponding to an exhaustion of body iron stores. After 1 month of iron supplementation, significant increase of hemoglobin concentration and decrease of total iron-binding capacity were observed. Mean serum ferritin had increased from 24 to 41 µg/l, and all women had a serum ferritin above 12 µg/l. 1 month after the end of the trial, serum ferritin fell significantly. This study points out the problem of serum ferritin reference values and the definition of normal iron stores in menstruating wom

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176975

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

7 patients with cystic fibrosis, having serum lipids with fatty acid compositions (FACs) skewed in the direction of essential fatty acid deficiency, were given a mixture of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) with linoleic acid-rich monoglycerides (LAMs) as food fat (about 1–1.25 g/kg body weight/day). Blood was sampled before and after a short period (4–11 days) of experimental fat feeding. The FACs of the serum triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol esters (CEs) and phospholipids (PLs) were determined before and after dietary treatment. Dietary treatment resulted in a significant increase of the previously reduced fraction of linoleic acid in all lipid classes. In TGs, the increase in the fraction of linoleic acid was accompanied by a reduction of the previously increased fraction of palmitoleic acid to normal values, by a reduction in the fraction of oleic acid to subnormal values and by an increase in the fraction of stearic acid which, however, remained normal. In PLs, the increase in the fraction of linoleic acid was accompanied by an increase in the fraction of dihomogammalinoleic acid which remained normal, however. In CEs, concomitant with the increase of the previously reduced linoleic acid fraction, there was a reduction of previously elevated palmitoleic and oleic fractions, the latter to a normal value. Thus, supplementing a MCT-containing diet with LAMs in cystic fibrosis patients results in a considerable amelioration of the previously disturbed FACs of the major serum lipid clas

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176976

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In choice situations, the golden Syrian hamster shows a strong preference to drink an ethanol solution to water alone. Because of the known effects of ethanol on lipid metabolism, its effects on liver fatty acids were therefore studied in the hamster. After a period of 8 weeks during which hamsters had consumed water containing 10% ethanol (4 weeks) and then 15% ethanol (4 weeks), the liver was significantly increased in weight, an effect which was shown to be due to fat accumulation as triglyceride. The fatty acid composition of the liver triglycerides and phospholipids was altered such that monounsaturated fatty acids were very significantly increased and both n-6 and n-3 essential fatty acids were proportionally decreased.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176977

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Protein utilization of the diet was tested in relation to different levels of magnesium and zinc in rats. The experimental diets contained either a low (0.14 g Mg or 10 mg Zn/kg) or adequate (0.45 g Mg or 40 mg Zn/kg) level of Mg or Zn and two different quality protein sources: casein or wheat gluten. Net protein utilization and net protein radio indexes in case of casein were significantly lower for the diet containing a low level of Mg or Zn. For gluten diets, such differences were not observed. Digestibility of protein measured in rats fed a low Mg or Zn casein diet was the same as for the diets with an adequate content of these minerals. Rats fed low Mg or Zn casein diets showed a significantly lower plasma Mg or Zn and a lower liver DNA content in comparison to the rats on adequate Mg or Zn diets. The results indicate that the utilization of protein is affected by Mg and Zn content of the diet and that this relationship depends on the quality of protein.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176978

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176979

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger