摘要:

Hormones, metabolites and activities involved in lipid synthesis were assayed in pigs made leaner by bromocriptine treatment. Market size female swine were allowed free access to food under natural lighting conditions and implanted with bromocriptine pellets designed to release 10 mg/pig/day for 28 days in an effort to inhibit prolactin secretion. Between the 2nd and 3rd week of treatment, plasma samples were obtained from each group at 4-hour intervals throughout the day for assays of prolactin, cortisol, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose concentrations. Twenty-eight or thirty days after the implantations, all animals were sacrificed for determinations of backfat thickness and insulin binding in the liver. At sacrifice, bromocriptine treatment reduced backfat thickness by 14% and insulin binding to partially purified hepatic membranes by 39% compared with control values. At 14 days following implantations, there were dramatic daily variations in plasma cortisol and prolactin levels in the control pigs and these rhythms were markedly altered in phase and amplitude in the bromocriptine-treated pigs. Bromocriptine reduced by 45, 20 and 13% the high levels of triglyceride, glucose, and cholesterol, respectively, that were found in control pigs near sunset. Plasma insulin concentrations did not vary during the day in control pigs and bromocriptine did not influence the insulin levels. The findings support important roles for a temporal synergism of cortisol and prolactin rhythms in maintaining hepatic lipogenic responsiveness to insulin. Bromocriptine treatment alters these hormonal relations and reduces lipid synthesis.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177551

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Tocopherol concentration and fatty acid composition were determined in samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue from 33 young and 28 old women. Young women exhibited more saturated fatty acids and less monounsaturated fatty acids than old women (p < 0.01). Adipose tissue tocopherol correlated with plasma tocopherol, with r = 0.49 and p < 0.01 when the data for young and old were combined. A negative association was found between adipose tissue tocopherol and the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio in the old women (r = 0.42; p < 0.05), suggesting that the tocopherol content of adipose tissue is determined not only by the intake of the nutrient but also by the tissue fatty acid composition.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177552

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The study was performed to compare the galactose tolerance of male and female pigs to 5% galactose and 25% hydrolysed whey (HW; containing 5% galactose) diets. Plasma galactose and dulcitol levels were measured throughout the diet period and correlated with the lens dulcitol contents at the end of the period. On the first day of the diet there was no significant difference between male and female blood galactose levels after galactose ingestion. The consumption of HW resulted in a significant 30% decrease in the blood galactose peak in females; there was no parallel difference in males on the HW diet. The 30-day diet induced a significant decrease in galactosaemia peaks resulting from galactose ingestion in both males and females, indicating an activation of galactose metabolism. The HW diet resulted in an equivalent decrease in peak galactosaemia only in males, cancelling the initial differences observed between males and females. The final dulcitol content in the lenses appeared to be correlated with plasma galactose but not with plasma dulcitol. However, the differences in plasma galactose between males and females, or between the two diets, resulted in smaller and often non-significant differences in lens dulcitol.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177553

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To study whether glucose level in mesenteric artery has some direct effect on the intestinal glucose absorption, the rat small intestine was isolated and vascularly and luminally perfused. The vascular perfusate consisted of Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) containing 4% dextran, 0.5% albumin and 1–28 mM glucose, and the luminal perfusate consisted of KRB containing 18 mM glucose. Glucose absorption was estimated from the glucose concentration in the portal venous effluent. The glucose absorption rate was decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the increasing concentration of glucose in the vascular perfusate within a range of 1–28 mM, but not changed by the addition of fructose to the vascular perfusate. It is suggested that glucose in the mesenteric artery has a direct inhibitory effect on the intestinal glucose absorption, not through a change of osmotic press

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177554

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 60-hour high-carbohydrate (high-CHO) diet or a 36-hour low-carbohydrate (low-CHO) diet was followed by 24 healthy women in a cross-over design to modify liver glycogen content. Thereafter each subject was given a high-sucrose breakfast, a high-protein, high-fibre breakfast or no breakfast. The two different breakfasts evoked larger plasma glucose responses following the low-CHO diet than when following the high-CHO diet. When the two breakfasts followed the same pre-period diet, no significant differences were observed. We conclude that the composition of the previous diet influences the postprandial response to meals and that a standardised diet shortly before test meal studies is of importance for the results in this type of studies.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177555

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To identify vitamin B12-binding proteins in egg white, an affinity chromatographic isolation procedure was applied. A fraction tightly adsorbed on vitamin B12 immobilized in agarose was eluted with 1 mM cyanocobalamin, and then separated by isoelectric focusing in sucrose density gradient. Two isolated proteins (or perhaps two forms of the same protein) of isoelectric points 6.2 and 7.2 and the same Mr 90,000 were found capable of detectable vitamin B12 binding. They are probably glycoproteins, each composed of a single polypeptide chain.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177556

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Haematological studies were conducted in recently weaned guinea pigs fed selenium-enriched barley (organic selenium) and barley mixed with sodium selenite (inorganic selenium). An attempt was made to study the effect of sodium arsenite supplementation in sodium selenite toxicity. A significant (p < 0.01) decrease was noticed in the mean values of haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume thereby indicating a microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The anaemia was comparatively more marked in guinea pigs fed selenium-enriched barley than in those kept on barley mixed with sodium selenite. There was a significant decrease in total leucocyte count which was the result of lymphocytopenia in organic toxicity and a decrease in both neutrophils and lymphocytes in inorganic toxicity. Dietary supplementation with sodium arsenite resulted in less reduction in the mean values of different erythrocytic indices thereby indicating that addition of sodium arsenite has some protective effect against toxicity with sodium selenite.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177557

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using the isolated and perfused liver of rats, we investigated the effect of starvation on hepatic glucose output and hepatic insulin extraction. The rats were starved for 72 h. The intestines of fed and starved rats were isolated and perfused, and portal venous effluent (PVE) was collected. The liver of fed and starved rats was perfused with synthetic medium or PVE containing 100 mg/dl glucose and 100 µU/ml insulin. Fractional uptake of insulin and reduction in glucose output by the perfused liver were almost the same in all groups. These results suggest that the removal and action of insulin in the liver were not altered by short-term starvation in rats

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177558

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of a fish oil concentrate with an ω-3 fatty acid content of 42% was determined in two dosages in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a parallel group comparison over a period of 5 weeks with 30 healthy subjects. The daily intake chosen was four and eight capsules corresponding to 1.26 or 2.52 g ω-3 fatty acids. Plasma viscosity, erythrocyte rigidity and systolic blood pressure were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after a 5-week administration of 2.52 g ω-3 fatty acid daily. The reduction in vitamin E concentration was significant (p < 0.01) only in the low-dose fish oil group. Lipids and lipoproteins remained unchanged throughout this experime

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177559

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177560

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger