摘要:

The effect of maternal diet restriction on the subsequent development of four adipose tissue depots has been studied in the guinea pig. Fetuses taken from, and pups born to, pregnant sows fed ad libitum (AL) displayed an increase in fat pad mass and in fat cell mass with increasing body mass at the four selected depots (interscapular (IS), retroperitoneal (RP), groin side subcutaneous (GS) and behind arm subcutaneous (BA)). The effect of maternal diet restriction (50% AL rations during the second half of pregnancy) was to significantly reduce the body masses at birth of the pups. The masses of the BA and GS fat pads and the mass of fat cells in the depots were reduced accordingly. However, the fat depot masses and fat cell masses of the IS and RP fat pads were larger than those of pups of comparable body mass born to AL fed sows. Diet restriction during the second half of pregnancy exerted preferential ‘sparing’ effects on the ‘thermogenic’ adipose tissue depots (IS and RP) suggesting the possibility that ‘thermogenic’ adipose tissue is more likely to be ‘programmed’ earlier in pregnancy than ‘storage adipose ti

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177269

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Variations in concentrations of free amino acids and total protein in tissues of rats have been studied from birth to puberty. In the first 10 days after birth the concentrations of free amino acids in peripheral tissues increased. Only in the liver there was an increase in concentration of essential amino acids. When nutrition changed at weaning, concentration of amino acids decreased. This may be associated with high protein synthesis rates and increased catabolism of amino acids. Even after weaning, when the young rat became nutritionally independent, concentrations of free amino acids in the tissues had not become constant.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177271

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Six matched groups of obese patients underwent 3-week selective hypocaloric regimens which consisted of a 240 or 480 kcal/day liquid formula diets for groups 1–4 and an 800 kcal/day conventional diet for groups 5 and 6. Carbohydrate intake ranged from 19 to 112 g/day so that for each energy level two different amounts of carbohydrates were administered. Body weight loss was similar in groups 1–4 and significantly lower in groups 5 and 6. During treatment fasting serum insulin (but not serum C-peptide) levels and the daily urine excretion rate of C-peptide showed quite a similar fall in all groups. Fasting glucagon levels did not change. The rate of ketogenesis which developed during each nutritional treatment was inversely related to the amount of dietary carbohydrates; moreover, a significant correlation was found between percent variation of ketoacids and those of fasting IRI (r = -0.42; p < 0.01) and glucose (r = -0.52; p < 0.01) concentrations, but not with those of fasting C-peptide and its daily urine excretion rate. In conclusion, it seems that during underfeeding (1) low- and high-carbohydrate-containing regimens are substantially equipotent stimuli secretagogues of insulin secretion, and (2) carbohydrate (or glucose) availability affects ketogenesis even through noninsulin-mediated mechani

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177272

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol were measured in 1,033 boys and girls age 8–10 years and 14–16 years who were living in two geographically distinct areas on the East and West coast of Newfoundland. The respondents enrolled to this study were school children attending four schools selected at random from all schools in the area. Ninety percent of the invited students participated in the study. The Newfoundland children had higher total cholesterol levels than those reported for children matched for age, sex and race living in the United States. However, their LDL cholesterol levels were found to be similar to those observed in US samples. It was concluded, therefore, that the higher total cholesterol levels of the Newfoundland children were due to their higher HDL cholesterol lev

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177273

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We assessed the nutritional status of 302 menstruating women living in three urban, semi-rural and rural areas of eastern Algeria. The anthropometric data and the biochemical measurements (serum levels of total proteins, albumin, transferrin and prealbumin) have shown the absence of protein malnutrition and the evidence of problems of overweight, whatever the criterion used (body mass index or relative weight). There were no differences according to the residence. Anemia (defined by WHO references) was observed in 28% of urban women, 19% of semi-rural women and in 32% of rural women. Iron deficiency (defined by the association of serum ferritin level of 12 μg/l or less and transferrin saturation less than 15%) was observed in 29, 27 and 22% of the cases, respectively. Folate deficiency (defined by concentration of red blood cell folates of less than 100 μg/l) was observed in 48, 45 and 22% of cases, respectively. Finally, 81% of anemia were associated with biochemical evidence of iron and/or folate deficiency.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177274

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Marmosets can tolerate an ascorbic acid (AA) deficiency for several weeks without clinical symptoms. After being fed an AA-free diet for 3 months, nonspecific deficiency symptoms became obvious. Different dietary levels of AA resulted in corresponding serum ascorbate levels. The kidney threshold of AA in marmosets is comparable to that in humans. When the minimal AA requirement is defined as the amount that is necessary to maintain a serum AA level above the kidney threshold, then about 20 mg AA/kg body weight is needed. This intake was achieved in our trial with a diet containing 500 ppm AA. Thus, the AA requirement of marmosets is severalfold higher than the AA requirement of humans.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177275

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Riboflavin is essential for several metabolic processes taking place in the human body. A deficiency of riboflavin has been reported to occur at a high prevalence in several populations, particularly in children and adolescents from low-socioeconomic groups. We investigated the riboflavin status in 502 Saudi males and 213 Saudi females using a determination of red-cell glutathione reductase activity in the presence and absence of flavin adenine dinucleotide. The population was grouped according to age and the glutathione reductase activity coefficient (AC) was calculated in each of the groups. An AC value of 1.3 or above was recorded in 38% of the females and 17% of the males. In the female group the lowest percentage was in girls less than 12 years of age, and the highest in the age group 21 -30 years, while among males boys of less than 12 years and men over 30 years of age had the highest percentage. In this paper we report and discuss the riboflavin status, as indicated by the glutathione reductase AC, in the Saudi male and female population in the Riyadh area.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177276

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Blood samples and ileal mucosal samples were collected from 25 patients requiring intestinal resections. Plasma zinc levels were measured using atomic absorption spectro-photometry and enterocyte zinc levels were measured using electron probe X-ray analysis. Plasma zinc values showed a positive correlation with mean enterocyte zinc values, supporting the hypothesis that exchange of zinc occurs between these two compartments as part of the homeostasis of this metal in the body.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177277

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger