ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175725

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175726

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The activities of rat brain enzymes, i.e. glutamine synthetase, glutamine transferase, glutaminase I, glutaminase II, glutamic acid decarboxylase and transaminases were found to increase with age during the preweanling period. In rats subjected to food deprivations for different periods, the activities of glutaminase I, glutaminase II and glutamic acid decarboxylase, were increased while those of glutamine transferase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were significantly reduced. These changes during undernutrition produce increased levels of γ-aminobutyric acid in brain. Whether neurological manifestations in human protein energy malnutrition in form of apathy and mental dullness could be due to these biochemical changes is difficult to assess

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175727

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Amino acid metabolism has been studied in the perfused rat liver, with a perfusate containing glucose, a mixture of glycerol, lactate and pyruvate, and amino acids at relative concentrations resembling those in normal rats. Most amino acids were utilised by the liver, despite the excess carbohydrate. Branched-chain acids were not released, except in the absence of added amino acids. This finding, and measurements of urea production, suggested that lysis of endogenous protein was not marked. In starved or diabetic rats, utilisation of most amino acids and lysis of endogenous protein was enhanced. During perfusion without added amino acids, a range of amino acids were released into the perfusate, from livers of fed rats, but not from livers of diabetic or starved rats. These results are discussed in terms of the influence of carbohydrate fuels upon amino acid metabolism.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175728

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The biological value of isolates and concentrates of plant and milk proteins has been determined by the biological (NPU and assay of amino acid availability on the animals) and chemical methods (total amino acid content, content of available methionine and lysine). Reduction in the available methionine and lysine contents of protein isolates was mainly observed. The highest biological value was recorded for milk proteins.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175729

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The thiamin status of 16 female geriatric patients was investigated by means of the thiamin pyrophosphate stimulating effect (TPP effect) on the thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent transketolase enzyme activity. These patients had values for the TPP effect which were greater than the suggested normal limit of 10%, and these results indicated that they had some degree of thiamin deficiency. The TPP effect was, however, significantly reduced and excretory levels of thiamin were significantly increased in these patients by oral supplementation with ascorbic acid for 1 week, the dose being 1 g daily. Oral supplementation with a loading dose of ascorbic acid also resulted in an increased urinary level of thiamin in a group of healthy subjects.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175730

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Essential fatty acid (EFA; cis-cis linoleic acid) deficiency even for 5 days causes premature infant death in 23-day-old mice. In addition, the EFA deficiency-induced epidermal hyperplasia previously noted has been hereby elucidated as dysplasia probably attributable to several EFA deficiency-incited metabolic and structural alterations.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175731

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rats were fed diets with three different levels of essential fatty acids (EFA); 3.0, 0.75 and 0.07 cal·% for more than two generations. The concentrations of serum phospholipids and cholesterol rose during the suckling period and fell rapidly after weaning. In the liver the triglycerides reached their highest value early in the suckling period. The concentration of the triglycerides was the same in the EFA-deficient groups as in the control group. The fatty acid patterns of serum and liver lecithins in the four dietary groups were similar in several respects, but the concentration of the highly unsaturated fatty acids, primarily arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, were higher in the liver. The largest deficiency of EFA in serum and in liver was found at birth and during the late suckling and early postsuckling periods. This deficiency was compensated for mainly by an increase in the fatty acid 20:3 (n-9) as well as in the monoenoic acids 16:1 and 18:1. The proportions of fatty acids of the linolenic acid series were reduced more than those of the linoleic acid series at all ages, both in the groups which received 0.75 and in those which received 0.07 cal% EFA.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175732

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To investigate the effect of hypercholesterolemia on cholesterol transfer and retention in the arterial wall in relationship to the endothelial cell layer, moderate hypercholesterolemia was induced in rabbits by the addition of 0.1–0.3% cholesterol in the diet. In arterial tissue with intact endothelium, hypercholesterolemia up to 400 mg% did not affect free cholesterol levels. As the uptake of free cholesterol increased in parallel to serum cholesterol, the elimination of cholesterol must also have increased. In segments with defective endothelium, the free cholesterol content increased in proportion to serum cholesterol, indicating that the potential to maintain constant free cholesterol levels was related to endothelial integrity. Tissue cholesteryl ester increased with increasing serum cholesterol regardless of endothelial integrity. However, the increase was more rapid in tissue underlying defective endothelium, suggesting that also for cholesteryl ester the intact arterial endothelium constitutes an important barrier for influx and retentio

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175733

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The weight and length of the small intestine and the intestinal transport of sugars and amino acids were determined in Wistar rats fed diets containing either 54% starch or sucrose ad libitum or in meals. The relative weight and length of the small intestine were greater after meal feeding than after ad libitum feeding. Regardless of the pattern of feeding, transport of 1 mM glucose, 1 mM α-methylglucose, 5 mM fructose, and 30 mM sucrose was significantly greater in sucrose-fed rats than in starch-fed rats. The transport of 30 mM maltose, 30 mM lactose, 1 mM leucine, and 1 mM lysine was not affected by diet. The pattern of feeding employed neither generally affected the transport rates of the sugars or amino acids nor modified the greater sugar transport exhibited by the sucrose-fed rats

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175734

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger