摘要:

In one study a group of 10 young adult male volunteers were given two experimental diets, differing in fat content. In a second study another group of 12 such volunteers received two experimental diets differing in linoleic acid content. The retention of calcium, magnesium and iron was measured during the dietary periods, each lasting 1 month. Decreasing the fat intake from 42 to 22 energy % did not result in statistically significant changes of the mineral balance. An increase in linoleic acid intake from 4 to 16 energy % (at a constant level of fat intake of 42 energy %) caused a decrease in the iron balance from 3.3 to 2.3 mg/day (p < 0.01), while the calcium and magnesium retention did not change significantly. During the high linoleic acid dietary period haemoglobin levels decreased from 9.6 to 9.1 mmol/l and packed cell volume from 0.48 to 0.461/1 (p < 0.01). This effect of linoleic acid on iron utilization needs further investigation.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176707

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to determine if excess plasma glycerol originating in lipolysis increased the synthesis and secretion of lipoproteins in the liver of Zucker fa/fa rats, labelled (1–14C) glycerol was injected in vivo in the jugular vein, in the presence of (9,10–3H2) oleic acid and Triton WR 1339 to block plasma clearance of neoformed lipoproteins and to be secreted into the blood by the liver. Glycerol stimulated hepatic synthesis of lipids in the Zucker fa/fa rat. This resulted in an increased secretion by the liver of VLDL and lipoproteins comparable to chylomicr

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176708

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To delineate the potential role of renal acidosis on zinc and calcium metabolism, 24 male Charles River rats, with a mean weight of 154 g, were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each. Three groups of rats were given ammonium chloride for 5 days by stomach tube at dosages of 4, 8, 16 mEq/kg/day, respectively. The control group received the solvent (normal saline) only. The animals were fed a semi-purified diet containing 100 ppm of zinc. The total food intake averaged 18, 16, 17 and 18g/day, respectively, for the control and the three treated groups. On the 4th and 5th day, two 24-hour urinary collections for net acid excretion, zinc and calcium excretions were obtained. The net acid excretion progressively increased from 0.85 ± 0.21 µEq/min/kg in the control rats to maximal values of 10.61 ± 0.87 µEq/min/kg in the acid-loaded rats. The net acid excretion is highly correlated with the urinary calcium excretion (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). However, the acid-loading has no effect on the carcass retention of zinc as documented by isotope studies or urinary zinc excret

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176709

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of feeding amino acid-supplemented diets on plasma cholesterol concentration and distribution in the lipoproteins was studied on adult rats. A control diet (without any amino acid addition), and experimental diets supplemented with one of the following L-amino acids: lysine (10%), cystine (5%), methionine (1%), tryptophan (10%), valine (5%), and histidine (5 %), were given for 2–4 months. Rats fed the lysine-, cystine- and tryptophan-added diets exhibited constant weights throughout the experiment, whereas those fed the other amino acid-added diets showed body weight gains quite similar to control rats. Two amino acids were shown to lower plasma cholesterol concentration: lysine (by 30%) and tryptophan (by 35%); one amino acid increased it: cystine (by 46%). The cholesterol distriwbution in the lipoproteins was significantly modified, principally when rats ingested cystine-enriched diets: as compared to control rats, the cholesterol concentration in lipoproteins of hensity between 1.040 and 1.063, and in high density lipoproteins (HDL), was increased by 174 and 58%, respectivel

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176710

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The possibility of alterations in the metabolism of glucose in the small intestine of C57BL/6J (ob/ob) obese-diabetic mice has been investigated. Glucose metabolism was assessed by direct measurement in vitro, and by assaying the activities of glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway enzymes. The small intestine of 3-week-old obese mice exhibited a reduced glucose metabolism and hexokinase activity in comparison with lean controls. In adult animals there was little evidence for an effect of hyperphagia or hyperinsulinaemia on metabolism of glucose supplied from the lumen, except that the elevated pyruvate kinase activity in the intestinal mucosa of 20-week-old obese mice might have been a consequence of hyperinsulinaemia.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176711

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of a hyperlipidic diet containing medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) or long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) and a control diet on the lipid composition of liver and adipose tissue in the Zucker fa/fa and Fa/- rat are compared. The weights of liver and adipose tissues of the rats fed the MCT diet are little different from those of the two other groups, but they are always higher in obese rats than in lean rats. After feeding the MCT diet, the amounts of the constituent octanoic and decanoic acids in liver and adipose tissues are higher in the fa/fa rat than in the Fa/- rat. The rate of lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissues of the obese rat fed the MCT diet remains high.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176712

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Young rats fed a diet providing 0.3, 3 or 10% of the energy as essential fatty acids (EFA) were given a single intravenous dose of albumin-bound 1-14C-linoleic acid. 1 animal from each group was killed at 1 and 18 h, respectively, after the injection and submitted to whole-body autoradiography. In general, the activities in the tissues were higher in the 0.3% group than in the other groups, whereas the differences between the 3% and the 10% group were small. In all groups the highest activity occurred in the brown fat. High activities were also noted in the liver, the adrenal cortex, the diaphragm, and the gastric and intestinal mucosa. The higher activities in the tissues of the rats fed 0.3 % than in the tissues of those fed 3% or 10% EFA probably reflect a higher incorporation of fatty acids of the linoleic acid series into structural and other lipids in the former group due to the lack of EFA.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176713

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

12 men and 12 women, classified as carbohydrate-sensitive on the basis of an exaggerated insulin response to a sucrose load, consumed diets containing either 5, 18, or 33 % sucrose in a crossover design. The diets simulated the average American diet and consisted of identical natural and processed foods with the exception of a patty. The patty provided the experimental levels of sucrose; the difference was made up by starch. Each level of sucrose was consumed for a 6-week period. Subject body weights were maintained. Fasting serum uric acid and inorganic phosphorus increased as the level of dietary sucrose increased. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher when subjects were on the 33% sucrose diet as compared to the 5 and 18 % diets. Serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase was not affected by diet. In tolerance tests after a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight), the uric acid response was higher after the 18 and 33% sucrose diets than after the 5% sucrose diet. Serum inorganic phosphorus, which increased significantly with each level of dietary sucrose, decreased following the sucrose load. These results indicate that carbohydrate-sensitive individuals may be affected adversely by the level of sucrose commonly found in the Westernized diet. Since elevated serum uric acid and blood pressure have been identified as risk factors in degenerative diseases, this study suggests that carbohydrate-sensitive individuals should limit their sucrose consumption.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176714

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pancreatic protease contents (trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen) were analyzed in 4- and 8-week-old chickens fed a single 2-hour meal daily. Enzyme activities showed a 24-hour cyclic degression and repletion rhythm. According to the age of the animal, pancreatic depletion preceded (4 weeks) or coincided (8 weeks) with the beginning of the meal. No rhythm was observed in the ad libitum fed chicken. Pancreatic secretion was also studied in the small intestine contents (duodenum, jejunum and ileum, successively) in the 8-week-old chickens.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176715

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The lactose content of a semisynthetic diet containing 45% of calories as nonfat milk powder was modified by enzymatic hydrolysis with β-galactosidase or bacterial fermentation with yogurt cultures. Three milk-based diets and a stock diet were fed for 28 days to male rats derived from the Sprague-Dawley strain. Energy consumption, growth rate, feed efficiency, liver weight, liver cholesterol and liver triglyceride concentrations were not significantly different between the four diets. At day 28 serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride concentrations were not different between the milk-based diets. No hypocholesterolemic effect of the milk-based diets was seen at any time compared to the stock diet. Two of four electrophoretic lipoprotein fractions varied with the lactose content of the milk-based diet. The faster alpha lipoprotein decreased while the slower alpha lipoprotein increased with decreasing content of dietary lactose. These data indicate that lactose differs from its constituent monosaccharides, galactose and glucose, in its effect on lipoprotein levels, even though total serum cholesterol and triglycerides do not differ

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176716

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger