摘要:

Rats received for 6 consecutive days a diet containing 20% of the protein under test, or an equivalent amount of amino acid mixture. Protein synthesis of liver ribosomes was determined by measuring the incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids into protein in vitro. Protein synthesis was related to (a) ribosomal RNA (mg), (b) wet weight of liver (g), (c) total liver wet weight, and (d) liver per 100 g body weight. The following five nitrogen sources were studied. Preparations of the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus, Spirulina platensis; wheat gluten, amino acid mixtures deficient in either lysine or methionine. When compared to a standard diet containing a high-quality protein (casein supplemented with methionine), or a complete amino acid mixture, the five nitrogen sources gave relative reductions in protein synthesis. (1) The primary effect was on activity per unit of ribosomal RNA. This was obtained by giving rats one of the following preparations; Scenedesmus obliquus, Spirulina platensis, wheat gluten, or an amino acid mixture deficient in lysine or methionine. (2) Due to a decrease in liver weight, an effect on activity per total liver wet weight was observed after feeding Spirulina platensis, wheat gluten or the amino acid-deficient diets. (3) A smaller number of ribosomes are responsible for a lower protein synthesis per gram liver after feeding wheat gluten, or the amino acid-deficient diets. A less pronounced change was obtained with Spirulina platensis. (4) Liver activity related to 100 g body weight was lower with wheat gluten, the amino acid-deficient diets and Spirulina platensis. Activity was restored within 1 day by giving a complete amino acid mixture after 6 days of lysine deficiency.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175506

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Increased insulin sensitivity of vitamin B6-deficient rat adipose tissue may be related in part to altered GH metabolism. The metabolism of glucose-U-14C in muscle and adipose tissue was determined in vivo as a function of insulin, GH and combined insulin-GH treatments. Vitamin B6-deficient rats were more sensitive to insulin and acute GH treatments, which exerted an insulin-like effect, than were ad libitum or pair-fed controls. Chronic GH treatment had an insulin-like effect on muscle and potentiated the action of insulin, while it inhibited the action of insulin in adipose tissue. The degree of response to chronic GH treatment was greatest in the vitamin B6-deficient rats. The data provide evidence that chronic GH treatment modified insulin sensitivity in vitamin B6-deficient rats.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175507

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three groups, each of eight adult male monkeys were maintained for a little over 1 year on diets containing 20% mustard oil, peanut oil or hydrogenated peanut fat, respectively. Animals of the mustard oil group showed sarcoplasmic vacuolation of right and left ventricular myocardium. Half the number of monkeys also exhibited a variable degree of myocardial fibrosis which involved the subepicardial zone of the right ventricular wall between the tricuspid valve and apical region. That these changes were not the manifestations of a high fat intake per se was shown by the absence of such changes in the hearts of the animals consuming similar amounts of peanut oil or hydrogenated peanut fat. The results indicated the possible hazards of consuming diets rich in mustard oil for prolonged periods, which like rapeseed oil contains high amounts of erucic acid.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175508

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this review on heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis (Refsum’s syndrome), special emphasis is put on the nutritional and metabolic aspects of the genetically determined disease. In patients afflicted with Refsum’s syndrome, 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic (phytanic) acid is accumulated in the body lipids and in the plasma due to a partial defect in the α-oxidation mechanism. Phytanic acid which is present in the diet itself, is also readily formed in the organism from phytol ubiquitously present in foodstuffs. Biochemical and dietary studies have not yet elucidated whether the neurological symptoms of the disease are caused by high concentrations of phytanic acid or by a deranged metabolism of nerve ti

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175509

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Because bone demineralization frequently occurs in man and other animals following gastrectomy, it was postulated that gastric acid is necessary for the solubilization and absorption of dietary calcium. In experiment 1, all rats ate ad libitum, but in experiment 2, the control animals were pair-fed with the achlorhydric experimental rats. Following a 3-week calcium balance trial in experiment 1, the fasting gastric pH of the experimental rats was 6.6 ± 1.8 as compared to pH of 2.4 ± 1.1 for the control rats. During this period, the experimental rats absorbed less dietary calcium than did the controls, and had less bone ash and phosphorus. These differences occurred even though the experimental rats consumed approximately 65 mg calcium daily. Similar results were obtained in the pair-fed experiment, confirming the importance of normal gastric functioning to calcium metabolis

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175510

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175511

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175512

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000175505

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger