摘要:

The mechanisms of the blood pressure lowering effect of weight reduction have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study the intracellular electrolyte composition and hormonal parameters were monitored in 12 obese subjects during a 10-day diet with 800 kcal/day. A decrease in intracellular free Na+ (p < 0.05) and Mg2+ (p < 0.01) and in total intracellular K+ (p < 0.05) was observed. Furthermore, plasma aldosterone and renin activity (p < 0.05) increased, probably due to a moderate simultaneous salt restriction. There was also an increase in plasma PGI2 concentration (p < 0.05). The observed decrease in intracellular free Na+ may be caused by salt restriction. The decrease in intracellular K+ and free Mg2+ may be induced by hormonal factors, e.g. an altered insulin secretion. Possible causes for the known hemodynamic effects of weight reduction are the diminution of intracellular Na+ and the increase in plasma PGI2.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176784

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Total serum proteins, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, and plasma-free amino acids have been determined in 12 small-for-date infants and in 14 normal infants at birth, at 1 week and at 1 month after birth. All infants were fed ad libitum with an adapted infant formula providing 1.9 g protein and 74 kcal/100 ml. Total serum proteins and albumin but not transferrin were low at birth in small-for-date infants, reaching normal values after 1 week of feeding. Serum globulins were low from birth to 1 week in small-for-date infants but they were normal after 1 month. Values for classical amino acid malnutrition indices suggest a state of protein-energy malnutrition which disappeared after 1 week of feeding.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176785

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dietary iron intake has been estimated in 337 healthy, menstruating women, of high social conditions by dietary histories. The mean daily iron intake was 11 ± 0.13 mg, of which 33% was supplied by meat and fish, whereas fruits and vegetables supplied 29%. The mean daily energy intake was 2,088 ± 27 kcal (8,723 ± 113 kJ). In 96.5% of the women, iron intake was lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances (16–18 mg daily). There was a significantly positive correlation between energy intake and iron intake (r = 0.77; p < 10-9). Therefore, the low iron intake may be considered as a consequence of a decrease in the energy intake observed during the last decades in industrialized countries. Iron fortification of one or several foods seems to be advisable to compensate, at least, partly iron intake defici

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176786

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Young male rats were fed standard (normal protein content) or low-protein diets for 4 weeks. Protein-deficient rats were refed the standard diet for an other 1 2 or 4 weeks. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, total protein and hydroxyproline levels decreased in both aorta and plasma of rats receiving the low-protein diet. After the animals were refed the standard diet for 1 or 2 weeks, the lipid content of the arterial wall and plasma increased above basal values, returning to control values after the 4th week of standard-diet administration. Total protein levels increased slightly in plasma and arterial walls, reaching control values by the 4th week. The decreased hydroxyproline content in the arterial walls remained low after rats were refed the standard diet for 4 weeks.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176787

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The daily food intake of a large dose of retinol (as palmitate) or retinoic acid (as all-trans retinoic acid) modifies numerous parameters of the thyroidal status in the rat. There were decreases of the serum total thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3), and of the biological half-life of T4, while there were increases of the dialyzable fractions of T4 and T3 and of the apparent distribution space of T3. The possible causes of these changes are discussed.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176788

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity has been measured in lactating rats on day 11 post-partum. In order to assess the response of this tissue to different rates of milk production, litter sizes were adjusted to give 2, 4, 8 or 12 pups/dam. In all lactating animals, BAT mass and protein content were markedly reduced, but thermogenic activity was only fully suppressed in dams nursing large litters. In those with 4 pups, guanosine diphosphate-binding activity (expressed as pmol GDP bound/mg mitochondrial protein) was lower than that of virgin control rats, but remained well above values obtained from control animals acclimated at thermoneutrality. Other estimates of BAT thermogenesis, cytochrome oxidase activity and noradrenaline-stimulated increase in oxygen consumption supported the inverse relationship between litter size and BAT function. Possible control mechanisms for the observed changes in BAT activity in lactating animals are discussed.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176789

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The incorporation of calcium into bones, teeth and various organs, as well as the rate of its secretion from the organism of experimental rats was investigated using per os administration of 45Ca salts of phosphatidic acids present in a commercially available emulsifier. It was proved that the utilization of calcium from this preparation is satisfactory and up to a dose 1.2 g/kg of body weight is quite comparable with that of CaC12. The emulsifier can be used as a supply of calcium for the fortification of foodstuffs

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176790

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Low-density lipoproteins isolated by a selective precipitation procedure have been investigated in cholesterol-fed rabbits exposed or not to carbon monoxide. The main findings are a higher increase of their cholesterol content and cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio without a modification in lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase activity in intoxicated animals. Thus, the aggravating effect of carbon monoxide exposure on the atherogenic properties of these lipoproteins could accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176791

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To test the effects of exercise on indices of protein metabolism, 8 sedentary, young women performed single bouts of prolonged submaximal and intermittent supramaximal exercise. The excretion of 3-methylhistidine, urea and creatinine in 24-hour urine samples was constant over the 11 -day experimental period, although the plasma urea concentration was elevated in blood samples obtained immediately after and 6 h following the prolonged exercise only. The results suggest that the acute exercise described here has a minimal effect on protein metabolism, and does not lead to a noticeable change in myofibrillar protein degradation in young women.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176792

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The metabolic fate of ammonium salts of synthetic phosphatidic acids (PA) labelled with 32P (32P-PA) was investigated after their per os administration to rats. It was shown that PA are totally metabolized in the intestine as they cannot be detected in feces if they are applied in doses up to 1.5 g/kg body weight. Increases in the concentration of PA and other phospholipids were not found in organs of experimental animals after administration of 32P-PA per os. 32Pi has a rapid metabolic turnover and therefore its secretion from the organism occurs within 3–7 days, depending on the amount of 32P-PA applied. From a biochemical viewpoint, it appears that there should be no objection to the application of synthetic PA as emulsifiers in food technolog

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176793

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger