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1. |
Food Patterns in the European Past |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 181-190
Hans J. Teuteberg,
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摘要:
This paper presents in an intellectually very shortened form the most important developmental stages of diet since the beginning of mankind. The relations in central Europe and the structural change of eating habits under the influence of industrialization and urbanization and the various connections to health in the last 200 years are particularly discussed.
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177643
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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2. |
Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of the MushroomPleurotus ostreatusin Hereditary Hypercholesterolemic Rats |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 191-195
P. Bobek,
E. Ginter,
M. Jurčovičová,
L. Kuniak,
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摘要:
We studied the effect of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (4% in diet containing 1 % of cholesterol) on serum and liver lipids in female rats with hereditary enhanced sensitivity to alimentary cholesterol. We found that the consumption of the mushroom-containing diet prevented serum cholesterol increase which was manifested at the end of the 4th week of the experiment. At the end of the 7th week of the experiment the choles-terolemia was lowered by almost 40% as compared with control animals kept on the same diet but without the mushroom. The decrease in serum cholesterol levels is a consequence of the decreased cholesterol concentrations of very-low-density lipoproteins and of low-density lipoproteins.
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177644
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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3. |
Vitamin D Receptors and Compensatory Tissue Growth in Spontaneously Diabetic BB Rats |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 196-202
Lisa A. Stone,
Valerie M. Weaver,
Elizabeth Bruns,
Sylvia Christakos,
JoEllen Welsh,
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摘要:
Untreated diabetic (BB) rats exhibited compensatory intestinal growth which was associated with hyperplasia and was accompanied by an increase in unoccupied vitamin D receptors. Although vitamin D receptors were increased, low circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] prevented amplification of the action of 1,25(OH)2D3, as evidenced by reductions in calbindin D-9K and alkaline phosphatase activity in the BB rat intestine compared to control. In the kidney, a lesser degree of compensatory growth was observed which was not associated with hyperplasia, and no significant effect of diabetes on vitamin D receptors or calbindin D-28K was observed. These studies suggest tissue-specific changes in 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolism during spontaneous diabetes which may be related to the hyperplasia which occurs during compensatory tissue growth.
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177645
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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4. |
Chromium and Cholesterol-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rabbits |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 203-207
Abraham S. Abraham,
Baruch A. Brooks,
Uri Eylath,
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摘要:
Thirty-three rabbits on a cholesterol-enriched diet were randomized into 6 groups and treated with daily injections of either water, 20 µg of potassium chromate or 1, 5, 10 or 20 µg of chromium chloride, respectively, for 135 days with a 2- to 10-fold increase in serum chromium. There was a marked reduction in the percentage of aortic intimal surface covered by plaque, in aortic weight and cholesterol content in the treated animals. Rabbits treated with 20 µg of chromium chloride showed a better response than those treated with either 10 or 20 µg of potassium chrom
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177646
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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5. |
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy on the Neonatal Skeletal Growth in the Rat |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 208-212
R.K. Marya,
A.S. Saini,
T.S. Jaswal,
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摘要:
In rats on normal intakes of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3, 3,000 and 7,500 IU of vitamin D3 were injected on the 10th day of pregnancy and the pups were investigated for the skeletal growth on 28th day of age. Compared to controls, the pups in the supplemented groups showed significantly greater dry weight and ash weight of the tibiae. However, the ash weight/dry bone weight ratios in the supplemented groups were not different from controls. Histological examination of the upper ends of decalcified tibiae and plasma calcium estimations revealed no abnormality in any group. The results suggest that vitamin D3 supplementation in pregnancy enhances the skeletal growth of the pups which involves both the organic and inorganic components.
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177647
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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6. |
Whole-Body Autoradiography in Rats after Intravenous Administration ofL-Alanyl-L-[U-14C]Glutamine |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 213-220
Peter Stehle,
Ingrid Ratz,
Peter Fürst,
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摘要:
The uptake and distribution in rats of the radiolabelled dipeptide L-alanyl-L-[U-14C]glutamine were investigated by whole-body autoradiography. Rats were killed 5, 30 and 180 min following bolus injection of the peptide via the tail vein and, as a comparison, 180 min after injection of [U-14C]glutamine; 30-μm sections of the animals were autoradiographed against an X-ray film. Tissue specimens from the remainder of the carcass were completely combusted and the 14CO2 formed was analyzed by liquid scintillation counting. Visceral organs especially exocrine glands and the mucosa of the alimentary tract showed an initially high labelling (5 min), whereas skeletal muscle and brain exhibited maximum radioactivity 30 min after peptide bolus. Muscle and intestine (19 and 10% of the dose injected, respectively) showed the highest 14C incorporation of all tissues investigated. The broad conformity in 14C distribution observed after peptide and glutamine bolus strongly indicates similar utilization of free and peptide-bound glutamine.
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177648
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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7. |
Effects of Dietary Cholesterol and Phytosterol Overload on Wistar Rat Plasma Lipids |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 221-225
Loubaba Laraki,
Xavier Pelletier,
Gérard Debry,
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摘要:
To study the effects of dietary phytosterols on plasma cholesterol, Wistar rats were fed diets containing a cholesterol overload (24 mg/day), to which phytosterols were added or not (24 or 96 mg/day). The cholesterol overload led to a marked increase in cholesterol, mainly linked to very-low-density and low-density lipoproteins. Phytosterols reduced those effects, the highest dose being most efficient. No undesirable effect was observed either on body or on liver weights. This shows that low doses of phytosterols are sufficient to significantly decrease a plasma cholesterol enhancement induced by a dietary cholesterol overload.
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177649
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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8. |
Effect of Oxysterol-Enriched Low-Density Lipoprotein on Endothelial Barrier Function in Culture |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 226-232
Gilbert A. Boissonneault,
Bernhard Hennig,
Yin Wang,
Chung-Mei Ouyang,
Karen Krahulik,
Laurel Cunnup,
Peter R. Oeltgen,
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摘要:
High levels of plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are known to be a risk factor for developing coronary artery disease although the specific mechanism involved is unknown. It may be related to effects of oxidized lipid components of LDL on vascular endothelial barrier function (EBF). This study addressed the hypothesis that LDL-associated products of cholesterol oxidation, oxysterols, decrease EBF resulting in increased penetration of blood components such as LDL into the arterial wall. LDL from human volunteers and rabbits was enriched with cholesterol or cholestan-3β, 5α, 6βtriol (Triol) by in vitro incubation. Exposure of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers to LDL enriched with Triol reduced EBF, measured as an increase in transendothelial albumin transfer, whereas cholesterol enrichment, like un-enriched LDL, had no effect on EBF. In a second experimental series, rabbits were gavaged with 100 mg of cholesterol or Triol/kg body weight, and LDL was isolated from serum 24 h after gavage. As was seen with the in vitro experiments, Triol-enriched LDL markedly decreased EBF. Similarly, LDL from cholesterol-gavaged rabbits reduced EBF, while LDL from vehicle treated rabbits had no effect. These results suggest that LDL-associated oxysterols are detrimental to normal barrier function of the vascular endothelium. Disruption of this barrier function may serve as an initiating factor in atherosclerotic lesion formati
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177650
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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9. |
Reciprocal Responses to Exercise in Hepatic Ketogenesis and Lipid Secretion in the Rat |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 233-241
Nobuhiro Fukuda,
Masakazu Tojho,
Toshiro Hidaka,
Hiroko Sho,
Michihiro Sugano,
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摘要:
The effects of 4 weeks of voluntary exercise (rotating wheel) on serum and liver lipid levels were studied in 6-week-old male Wistar rats. The hypotriglyceridemic effect of exercise was not influenced by the dietary fat levels (4.5 and 14.5%), whereas the hypocholesterolemic effect was higher in a low-fat diet than in a high-fat diet. Although the serum cholesterol-lowering effect of exercise was marginal, the beneficial effect on hepatic lipids was observed only in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. The hepatic contribution to the serum lipid-lowering action of exercise was examined in the isolated perfused livers of rats fed a low fat diet. The reduction (34%) of serum triglyceride by exercise corresponded to the decrease (32%) in the hepatic triglyceride secretion rate, indicating a significant role of the liver in the hypotriglyceridemic effect of exercise. In contrast, the decrease (31 %) in serum total cholesterol was considerably greater than that (23%) in the hepatic secretion, suggesting an extra-hepatic contribution. On the other hand, the hepatic production of ketone body was increased by exercise. These results indicate that the altered hepatic partition of long-chain free fatty acids between esterification and oxidation is one of the causative factors for the serum lipid-lowering effect of exercise.
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177651
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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10. |
Postnatal Development of Plasma Amino Acids in Hyperphagic Rats |
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Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,
Volume 35,
Issue 4,
1991,
Page 242-248
M.J. Salvadó,
T. Segués,
L. Arola,
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摘要:
The effect of feeding a highly palatable high-energy cafeteria diet on individual amino acid levels in plasma during postnatal development of the rat has been evaluated and compared to chow-fed controls. The cafeteria diet selected by the rats was hypercaloric and hyperlipidic, with practically the same amount of carbohydrate as the control diet, and slightly hyperproteic. In response to cafeteria feeding, significant decreases were observed in plasma serine and cysteine along the period studied. Significant changes with age during the growth period were shown by cafeteria-fed animals, which were not observed in control rats. Citrulline levels were lower on days 10 and 14 in cafeteria pups than in chow pups. Methionine was highest on day 30. Threonine was also higher at days 20 and 30, as was valine but with a nadir at day 10. Lysine showed maximal values on days 14 and 30.
ISSN:0250-6807
DOI:10.1159/000177652
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1991
数据来源: Karger
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