摘要:

The metabolism of adenine nucleotides, nucleic acids, and proteins was investigated and compared in the liver, brain, and kidney of the 21-day-old progeny of rats which were well fed (control group) or undernourished during their whole lifetime (experimental group). The in vivo content of various nucleotides (ATP-ADP, cAMP, 5’AMP, and adenosine), the incorporation of radioactive precursor into various nucleotide fractions, and the specific activity of various nucleotides increased considerably in the liver, brain, and kidney of the progeny in the experimental group. Nucleic acid and protein content failed to increase normally in these organs of the progeny in the experimental group. The synthesis of DNA and RNA increased in the liver, brain, and kidney of experimental group progeny. These results suggest that maternal dietary restriction prolonged or blocked the G and S phase of the cell cycle in the liver, brain, and kidney of the progeny of dietary restricted rat

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176686

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The fatty acid composition of five normal tissues and purified liver plasma membranes of the mouse was modified by feeding diets rich in either coconut or sunflower oil. The phospholipids from the animals fed the coconut oil diets were enriched in monoenoics, and those from the mice fed the sunflower oil diet contained large percentages of polyenoics. Most importantly, there were differences in the extent and type of modification in each tissue. For example, the phospholipids of the heart from animals fed the sunflower oil diet contained 21 % docosapentaenoate compared to less than 6 % in other tissues. The bone marrow from animals fed the coconut oil diets contained a high proportion of saturates, including those of medium chain length. The fatty acyl composition of the neutral lipids was also modified, but in some cases the degree of alteration differed from that occurring in the phospholipids. Purified liver plasma membranes demonstrated diet-induced changes but contained smaller amounts of arachidonate, and those from the animals fed sunflower oil diets were less poly-unsaturated compared to whole liver phospholipids. We conclude that the modification of fatty acid composition of normal tissues induced by experimental diets differs in extent and type. Furthermore, the liver plasma membrane composition is different from that of liver phospholipids. The differences in the extent and type of modification demonstrate selectivity amongst normal tissues.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176687

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 41 hyperphenylalaninemic early treated children (classical phenylketonurics and hyperphenylalaninemic variants) on diet, aged 2 months to 15 years, the plasma amino acid pattern at noon was compared with that in 31 normal age-matched controls. In contrast to previously published results in infants, the mean levels of single amino acids deviated, with the exception of phenylalanine, only slightly from that of normal controls in patients of all five age groups investigated. Constant findings were a tendency towards low mean levels of arginine in younger patients and elevated levels of lysine, serine, and histidine which were found in patients of all age groups.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176688

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mild protein-calorie deprivation in mice decreases their early nonspecific inflammatory response to an injection of BCG or tuberculin into the footpad. After an injection of BCG, the size of the granuloma and the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin significantly decreased. This decrease in cell-mediated immunity was paradoxically accompanied by a fall in bacillus multiplication at the popliteal ganglion, i.e. the site of BCG injection. A reduction in microbial multiplication was also observed in the spleen after intraperitoneal injection of Listeria and in the liver after intravenous injection.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176689

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Selenium (Se) toxicity and utilization was evaluated in hamsters fed casein- and torula yeast-based diets. 4-week-old hamsters received semipurified diets for 21 days. In experiment I diets were supplemented with either 0.25, 10, 20, 40 or 80 ppm Se as sodium selenite (SS) and in experiment II diets were supplemented with 0.1 5.0 or 10.0 ppm as SS or selenomethionine (SM). Blood and tissue Se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured at the termination of the feeding period. In both studies growth rate was depressed and food consumption decreased in hamsters given diets supplemented with 10 ppm or greater SS. Mortality associated with Se toxicity occurred only in females fed the 80 ppm Se-supplemented diet. Whole blood and tissue Se concentrations rose with increasing dietary Se and occurred up to the 80 ppm Se level in blood. Liver, kidney and lung Se concentrations were higher in hamsters fed SM than for those fed SS. Plasma GSH-Px activity was not significantly affected by increasing dietary Se levels, and hamsters fed dietary Se levels above 10 ppm did not have increased erythrocyte GSH-Px activity associated with increased blood Se concentrations. Liver GSH-Px activity was higher in SM-fed hamsters. The results suggest that dietary Se, fed as SS, becomes toxic for Syrian hamsters at levels of 10 ppm and above.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176690

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study has been carried out in Haiti, involving 65 human subjects, mostly children, 39 of which had clinical symptoms of ribofiavin deficiency, in order to correlate clinical symptoms and erythrocyte glutathion reductase activity. Angular stomatitis was associated with overt biochemical deficiency in 25% of the cases examined and in most cases seemed to be related to other nutritional or infectious disorders.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176691

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chronic alcohol ingestion was accompanied by a mild decrease in insulin binding (from 11.7 to 8.9% per 1 × 106 cells) that was accounted for by changes in the dissociation constant of insulin’s binding sites. The basal rate of 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen was reduced both in alcoholic and pair-fed animals. Insulin stimulated 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen in control (72% above basal rate) and pair-fed (76% above basal rate) animals. In contrast, only a minimal stimulation of glucose incorporation into glycogen (30%) induced by insulin was observed in alcoholic animals. Hepatocyte responsiveness to insulin was restored when the animals were switched back to normal dry food diet. When the hepatocytes were incubated with 50 mM alcohol for 1 h at 37 °C (in vitro experiments) insulin binding remained unchanged. There was a mild but significant decrease in insulin’s ability to enhance glucose incorporation into glycogen. The anti-catabolic effect of insulin was unaffected by alcohol. In summary, chronic alcohol ingestion causes significant but reversible changes in post-receptor events of insulin’s

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176692

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Iron and folate status of 203 pregnant women have been evaluated at 6 months gestation and on the same women and their newborn infants at delivery. The women who had, at 6 months gestation, a Hb level below 11 g/dl were systematically given iron supplements. Iron or placebo were randomly allocated to the other women. At 6 months of pregnancy, one quarter of the women had a Hb level under 11 g/dl but one third had a serum ferritin level below 12 μg/l and more than half had low levels of serum and red cell folate. Iron supplements induced an increase both in Hb levels and in serum ferritin values; however, no significant differences were observed in serum ferritin of the newborn infants, whether their mothers had received iron supplements or not. These results have led us to reconsider the value of ferritin levels at birth as an index of iron stores in the infant. Iron supplements had no effect on the folate status in mothers or infants or on the frequency of obstetrical complications. A significant relationship was found between maternal folate levels and length of gestation. Folate supplementation may reduce the incidence of premature delivery.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176693

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate and lactate on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and regulation have been investigated. None of the substances had any direct effect on the enzyme or enzyme-substrate complex. Ethanol and acetate interfered with LPL regulation studied in vitro using rat adipose tissue. Acetate administration to humans did not influence the activity of LPL and hepatic lipase in post-heparin plasma, nor was the intravenous fat tolerance test affected. Ethanol administration markedly increased and prolonged the hyperlipidemia induced by oral triglyceride intake; the effect of acetate was much less pronounced. Thus, acetate does not seem to interfere with LPL regulation in man. The previously described impairment in LPL activity and regulation after ethanol intake is probably mediated by ethanol itself.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176694

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of intraduodenal glucose infusions on pancreatic exocrine secretion were studied in anesthetized and in conscious rats with pancreatic fistula. In the anesthetized model a stimulating effect of glucose on pancreatic flow and bicarbonate output was evidenced. This effect was dose-related and depended in part upon osmolarity of the solution. No nervous mechanism could be demonstrated, while release of secretin in portal blood might be involved in the observed effect. In conscious rats an increase of bicarbonate concentration and output was observed after 30% intraduodenal glucose while protein concentration and output decreased very significantly. These effects persisted after vagotomy.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000176696

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger