ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177523

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects were investigated of weight loss on the relationship between hyperinsulinemia, body weight and body fat distribution in two groups of women with central-type obesity (CTO) (waist-to-hip ratio WHR > 0.85) or peripheral-type obesity (PTO) (WHR < 0.85). An oral glucose tolerance test was carried out before and after a hypocaloric nutritional treatment lasting 4 months. Both groups were matched for age, body mass index and amount of body fat. At the basal condition, group CTO had fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin levels significantly higher than group PTO; fasting (but not stimulated) C peptide levels were also higher in CTO compared with PTO. Weight and fat loss were significantly higher in CTO than in PTO women. Moreover, unlike PTO, CTO subjects significantly reduced their WHR values. In both groups weight loss led to a significant drop in fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin and C peptide levels. However, PTO women reduced their C peptide levels significantly less than CTO. In conclusion, weight loss only modified body fat distribution in women with CTO, who appeared to be prone to a greater weight loss than the PTO women. Compared to PTO, CTO women were characterized by higher insulin levels and peripheral insulin resistance, which improved during hypocaloric feeding probably due to the combined effect of weight loss and the change in body fat distribution.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177524

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Postnatal change in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) was studied longitudinally in 9 very low birth weight infants ( < 1,200 g, < 30 weeks at birth) who were receiving 85% or more of their nutrient intake via the parenteral route. There was no apparent relationship between IGF-I, nitrogen intake, energy intake, or nitrogen retention. In 6/9 infants IGF-I decreased with postnatal age. A low IGF-I may reflect the poor nutritional status and growth rate commonly seen in sick preterm infants.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177525

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether caffeine’s effects on the growing brain in suckling pups are modified by the nutritional status of the dams. Upon delivery, 8 randomly selected pups were assigned to each dam. They were divided into four groups; group 1 was fed a 20% protein diet as a control; group 2 was fed a 6% protein diet as a malnourished group; group 3 was pair-fed to group 1, but the 20% protein diet was supplemented with caffeine (2mg/l00g body weight of dams), and group 4 was pair-fed to group 2 with a 6% protein diet with caffeine. At day 15, pups were killed. Brains were removed, weighed and homogenized. Caffeine content of plasma, brain of the pups and maternal milk in groups 3 and 4 were determined. Brains were analyzed for zinc, alkaline phosphatase activity, DNA, protein, and cholesterol. Body weight and protein content of group 3 were greater than group 1 but the zinc contents and alkaline phosphatase activity of group 3 were less than group 1. DNA and cholesterol contents of group 4 were greater than group 2. Supplementation of caffeine to the maternal diet appeared to have various effects on the growing brains of the suckling pups. Caffeine’s effects and nutritional status are closely interrelated.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177526

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of the disaccharidase inhibitor acarbose on serum lipoprotein lipid concentrations were investigated in healthy subjects during prolonged feeding of a fiber-free formula diet. Acarbose was shown to decrease cholesterol and fasting triglyceride concentrations, whereas the postprandial increment of triglycerides was not diminished. The response of fasting triglycerides to acarbose treatment appeared to be related to dietary fat intake, but not to the drug-induced reduction of postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Both the triglyceride and the cholesterol lowering efficacy were less pronounced with a higher amount of saturated fat than with a lower intake of fat mainly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The decrease in total cholesterol was shown to be a consequence of a significant reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Since high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations remained unaltered, the ratio of HDL/LDL cholesterol changed in a beneficial way.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177527

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present investigation aimed at clarifying the possible correlations among dietary lipids, peripheral fatty acid composition of nerve lipids and an index of the nervous tissue excitability, the chronaxie. The experiments were performed on female albino rats fed diets containing olive oil (OO) and fish oil (FO) along two generations. Total lipids fatty acid composition of the sciatic nerves from the two groups differed in the proportions of 18:1(n-9), 20:1(n-9), 22–1, 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3). Also the lipid class composition showed significant differences among FO and OO specimens (free cholesterol more concentrated in the OO lipids; triacylglycerols more concentrated in the FO ones). The sciatic nerve isolated from FO rats showed a significant decrease in the chronaxie values if compared to the OO specimens. These results could follow from dietary-induced changes in the perineural permeability and/or possible modifications in the cable properties of the peripheral nerve fibers related to the myelin sheath compositio

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177528

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using indirect calorimetry the energy expenditure of healthy subjects was investigated as complete 24-hour balance measurements. The respective data were evaluated with regard to level, variation and normalizing of heat production (HP) and maintenance requirement. Diets were composed of customary ingredients and the intake of energy maintained constant slightly below maintenance requirement during the 14-day experimental period. Faeces and urine were collected for the final 7 days. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide was measured during the last 48 h while the subjects stayed in an open-circuit respiration chamber, furnished like a small living-room. The daily energy balance averaged -0.38 MJ ( ± 0.73). For data evaluation the HP of each subject was corrected to zero energy balance, assuming a calorigenic effect of 10% for mixed diets. The resulting energy requirement of metabolizable energy for maintenance at energy equilibrium amounted to 136 ( ± 17) MJ/kg body weight and 383 ( ± 45) kJ/(kg body weight)0’75, respectively. Scaling the body weight to the ¾ power diminished slightly the coefficient of variation. The observed total variance of the HP was mainly contributed by the subjects per se (94%), whereas only a small amount was related to day-to-day variability (6%; measurement noise and intraindividual variability). In terms of coefficient of variation the respective values were 11.5 and 2.8%. Comparable assessments with sows showed nearly the same results on animal variance and day-to-day variability. The daily time pattern of HP showed two maxima and two minima. In the morning and evening the HP exceeded the average 24 h value by 19 and 14%, respectively. During afternoon a value of 11 % was observed. However, after midnight HP fell 31 % under the daily mean. The relation between daily minimum and maximum was 1.7:1. During night the subject standard deviation was 8.6% compared to about 12% in the daytime. It is concluded that the total experimental error observed generally in whole-body indirect calorimetry studies is mostly attributable to subject variability. Furthermore, the variation of energy expenditure may account for deviations up to 10% or more between individual requirement and recommendations for predicting energy require

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177529

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger