摘要:

Although information about the pregnancy outcome of alcoholic mothers is relatively abundant, no information is available about the effects of ethanol consumption on the infant’s postnatal growth. This investigation aims to describe the physical growth of 32 infants born to mothers accustomed to drinking pulque, a mild alcoholic beverage, on a daily basis during pregnancy and lactation and to quantitate the ethanol disposed through the milk, as well as to identify cases of new-borns with fetal alcohol syndrome. No full-blown cases of the syndrome were found: birth weight was similar to their non-drinking counterpart, but the relative risk of newborns to drinking mothers to have a low birth weight was 3.39. Ethanol found in milk accounted for 40 mg/day available to the infant. The postnatal growth of infants of ethanol drinkers was similar to that of controls. Further studies on their mental development are required in order to understand the extent of the effects of such a habi

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177706

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To evaluate the iodine status of Dutch adults we used three different iodine status indicators, namely urinary 24-hour iodide excretion (I/24 h), iodide/creatinine ratio in 24-hour urine samples (I/Cr) and 24-hour iodide excretion per kilogram body weight (I/kg). Additionally, the habitual daily iodine intake was calculated. Men had higher mean I/24 h and mean iodine intake than women. No differences between men and women were found for mean I/Cr and mean I/kg. Relatively high (≧ 18 %) prevalences of low values for the different iodine status indicators were found, especially for I/24 h. The intraindividual variance for all three indicators was high. Risk assessment regarding iodine supply, based on urinary iodide excretion, depends on the indicator used, and therefore caution is called for when drawing conclusions. Our results do not argue against the usage of I/24 h as iodine status indicator. More research is needed to solve the question whether iodine requirement depends on such factors as body size, body composition and physical activit

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177707

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of a diet of couscous with chickpeas, a traditional Tunisian meal, or one providing iron as ferrous sulfate, on the utilization of 59Fe was evaluated in studies with rats. The iron content of the couscous and chickpea preparation was 30 mg/kg dry weight. There was no difference in the relative absorption of iron from ferrous sulfate or couscous with chickpeas, suggesting that iron from this preparation may be a good dietary source of nonheme iron for rats. Couscous and chickpeas consumption in Tunisia are estimated at 13.3 and 3.2 kg per capita/year, respectively. Our results in rats indicate that these foods could contribute a large proportion of an individual’s iron requirement. We conclude that the plant foods, especially the chickpeas, can be excellent sources of dietary-available iro

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177708

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The thermic effect (TEF) of vegetarian meals was measured for breakfast and lunch in 6 lean healthy men (18-25 years) during normal feeding (NF) and with 20% overfeeding (OF) on 28 successive days. The energy contents of breakfast were 223 ± 10 and 330 ± 48 kcal, and those of lunch were 1,033 ± 220 and 1,247 ± 222 kcal in NF and OF, respectively. In NF, the TEF per 180 min was 32.7 ± 8.6 and 54.8 ± 6.3 kcal for breakfast and lunch, respectively. In OF, the TEF was 38.3 ± 8.3 kcal for breakfast and 57.2 ± 5.4 kcal for lunch. The increase in total TEF due to OF was nonsignificant (p > 0.2). In response to 20% OF, adaptive thermogenesis was manifested mainly through an increase in the resting metabolic rate of 4.9% (p < 0.001). In both feeding, regimes, the percent TEF was higher for breakfast than for lunch (p < 0.05). Regression analysis of TEF versus calorie load indicated a stable component of 42 kcal with a 2 % rate of increase. Yoga exercises were performed from 16.00 to 17.00 daily. The thermic effect of yoga exercises observed from 17.10 to 18.30 was 21 kcal and persisted beyond 90 min, indicating the role of yoga in energy met

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177709

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Body composition was assessed by means of densitometry, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance in 28 healthy, elderly females, aged 67-78 years. Underwater weighing was used as the reference method. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.3 ± 3.4 kg/m2. Body fat percentage from body density was 39.6 ± 5.6%. The fat-free mass (FFM) from body density was 41.0 ± 5.4 kg. Mean predicted FFM using different prediction formulas from the literature ranged from 38.8 ± 4.2 to 46.3 ± 5.3 kg. The differences between FFM from densitometry and FFM using either prediction equation were highly correlated, thus part of the difference is probably due to an error in the reference method. The different prediction equations revealed rather good relative validity, compared to the densitometric method, with the exception of equations based on skinfold measurements developed in younger reference populations. Age-specific prediction equations based on BMI and bioelectrical impedance measurement may be used to assess body composition in the elderly. Prediction equations using skinfold thickness measurements are less appropriate for this pur

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177710

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have investigated the effect of folic and folinic acids on intestinal zinc absorption in humans, using zinc tolerance tests. Zinc (30 mg) as the gluconate was given by mouth to 10 healthy subjects, alone (1), with 200 mg of folic acid (2) or with 200 mg of folinic acid (3). The zinc/folate molar ratio was 1:1. These three oral loading doses were given after overnight fasting to each of the 10 subjects, at weekly intervals. Serum zinc was measured at 0, 1 2, 3,6, 12 and 24 h. Zinc was also determined in urine collected for a 6-hour period following the ingestion of oral loading dose. The results do not indicated any inhibition of zinc absorption and urinary zinc excretion by folates. The areas under the curves varied from 48.2 ± 20.0 μmol/6h(l)to 57.0 ± 10.3 μmol/6 h (3), peak zinc concentration from 28.8 ± 7.3 μmol/l (1) to 32.1 ± 4.1 μmol/l (3), half-life from 3.12 ± 1.12 h (3) to 3.42 ± 1.48 h (1), elimination rate constant from 0.22 ± 0.08 (1) to 0.24 ± 0.07 (3), mean urinary zinc excretion from 58.1 μmol/6h (2) to 98.7 μmol/6 h (1) and mean zinc clearance from 1.15 1/h (3) to 3.26 1/h (1). All these indices were not statistically significantly different among the three different loading doses.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177711

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of 2-week oral administration of a Lactobacillus-GG-fermentedwhey drink on fecal enzymes in elderly nursing home residents complaining of difficulties in defecation. The study was divided into three 2-week periods: baseline (2 dl placebo drink/day); Lactobacillus GG treatment (2 dl of a Lactobacillus-GG-fermented whey drink containing 108 cfu lactobacilli/ml); follow-up (2 dl placebo drink). Administration of the fermented whey drink resulted in colonization of feces by Lactobacillus GG in all the subjects. Glycocholic acid hydrolase activity and tryptic activity were significantly decreased at the end of the treatment period. The effect of Lactobacillus GG treatment on bowel function was less evident. Although the consistency of the stools appeared to normalize, no significant changes in the fecal frequency, weight and pH were observed. The results indicated that a Lactobacillus-GG-fermentedwhey drink can change the bacterial metabolism, and has no significant effect on bowel function.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177712

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of zinc deficiency were studied in mice submandibular salivary glands (SMG). Zn-restricted mice (Zn-) were maintained from weaning until adult age (60 days) with a powdered diet containing 3 mg Zn2+/kg. Pair-fed animals (30 mg Zn2+/kg powdered diet) and control animals fed a regular pelleted diet were also used. Total protein content and proteolytic acitivity of SMG did not differ among the groups, but mor-phometric evaluations revealed significant alterations in the nucleus/cytoplasm size ratios, most likely due to an absolute reduction in nuclear volume (control = 122.5 ± 6.4; Zn- = 91.6 ± 10.5; pair-fed =125.1 ± 6.8 µm3) paralleled by an increase of the height of the duct epithelium (control =70.5 ± 3.0; Zn- = 90.5 ± 4.2; pair-fed = 81.7 ± 3.0 µm). The altered food consistency could be responsible for these morphological changes. In order to assess the subcellular distribution of SMG androgen receptors in conditions of chronic Zn deficiency, Zn- animals were mated and the Fi generation was fed as their dams until the age of 45 days. Cytosolic (in 105,000 g supernatants) and nuclear (KCl-extracted) SMG receptors were determined with [3H]R1881. The Zn- animals had reduced nuclear/cytosolic ratios of androgen receptors (control = 0.62; Zn- = 0.14), as an indication that chronically deficient Zn intake determines a sort of destabilization of the interactions of androgen-receptor complexes with target cell

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177713

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rats with right hemicolectomy were divided into two groups. One group was free-fed (RHFF), the other group pair-fed (RHPF) and both were compared with a group of control animals. The nitrogen balance (NB) was studied for 5 days at 2 and 14 weeks after surgery. The two groups of rats with right hemicolectomy excreted significantly more fecal nitrogen than the control group (p < 0.01) during the two periods of study. At 2 weeks the RHFF group increased N intake so that their NB was similar to that of the control group. In the same period the nitrogen lost in urine and the NB were reduced in the RHPF rats (p < 0.01). At 14 weeks the results were similar to those for 2 weeks although the increase in food intake for RHFF and the decrease in NB for RHPF were not statistically significant. The rats with right hemicolectomy showed a decreased gain in body weight. This decrease was more pronounced in the RHPF group. The nitrogen content of the carcass and liver was significantly reduced in the RHPF group 4 months after surgery. It is concluded that the rats with right hemicolectomy were characterized by an increment in the nitrogen lost in feces, and when they were only allowed the same intake of food as the control group, the animals showed marked abnormalities in growth and in the nitrogen content of the organism.

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177714

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0250-6807    

DOI:10.1159/000177715

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger